|
 |
| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
|
| Year : 2019 | Volume
: 10
| Issue : 2 | Page : 63-67 |
|
|
Antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oils and their synergistic potential with antibiotics
Yassine El Atki1, Imane Aouam1, Fatima El Kamari1, Amal Taroq1, Kaotar Nayme2, Mohammed Timinouni2, Badiaa Lyoussi1, Abdelfattah Abdellaoui1
1 Department of Biology, Laboratory of Physiology Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
2 Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| Date of Web Publication | 12-Apr-2019 |
Correspondence Address:
Yassine El Atki
No. 196, Lots Alhadika Q4, Quartier Tghat, Fez 30090
Morocco
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_366_18
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon) essential oil (EO) alone and in combination with some classical antibiotics against three multidrug-resistant bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to search a possible synergy. The antibacterial activity of all tested compounds was determined by agar disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays. The checkerboard method was used to quantify the efficacy of cinnamon EO in combination with these antibiotics. Fractional inhibitory concentrations were calculated and interpreted as synergy, addition, indifferent, or antagonism. A synergistic interaction was shown against S. aureus with the combination cinnamon EO and ampicillin or chloramphenicol and against E. coli when cinnamon EO was combined with chloramphenicol. However, the combination of cinnamon oil and streptomycin displayed additive effects against all bacteria stains. The combinations of cinnamon EO and antibiotics can be used as an alternative therapeutic application, which can decrease the minimum effective dose of the drugs, thus reducing their possible adverse effects and the costs of treatment.
Keywords: Antibacterial drugs, fractional inhibitory concentration index, resistant bacteria, synergy
How to cite this article:
El Atki Y, Aouam I, El Kamari F, Taroq A, Nayme K, Timinouni M, Lyoussi B, Abdellaoui A. Antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oils and their synergistic potential with antibiotics. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2019;10:63-7 |
How to cite this URL:
El Atki Y, Aouam I, El Kamari F, Taroq A, Nayme K, Timinouni M, Lyoussi B, Abdellaoui A. Antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oils and their synergistic potential with antibiotics. J Adv Pharm Technol Res [serial online] 2019 [cited 2022 May 25];10:63-7. Available from: https://www.japtr.org/text.asp?2019/10/2/63/256015 |
| Introduction | |  |
Multidrug-resistant bacteria are widely known as a serious threat to global health in the 21st century.[1] The World Health Organization published in 2017 a report listing the most dangerous multidrug-resistant bacteria to which new antibiotics should be urgently discovered.[2] The discovery of new antibacterial agents was mainly based on natural products that can be obtained from different sources including plants, bacteria, algae, fungi, and animals; but, there has been an increased interest in bioactive compounds provided by the plant as an alternative to the common antibiotics.[3] Essential oils (EOs) account for a source of very promising natural compounds for producing new antibacterial drugs. Numerous studies have reported a strong antibacterial effect for some EOs.[4],[5] Among these EOs, the potential antibacterial of cinnamon has been documented frequently.[6],[7],[8] Furthermore, the combinations, either single EOs or mixtures of purified main components, would assure the exhibition of the target bacteria to many chemical compounds and usually lead to better activity.[9] Combining different EOs has been recently studied in a view to increasing their antibacterial effect without increasing their concentration.[10],[11],[12] It was argued that the combination of cinnamon and some plants' EOs showed an additive effect against bacterial species compared to their pure EOs.[12],[13] Limited reports on the combinations of cinnamon with antibiotics demonstrated synergistic and additive effects against various microorganisms.[14],[15],[16] However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no available data about the antibacterial activity of cinnamon EO associated with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Escherichia More Details coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Therefore, the aim of this study was to search the possible synergistic antibacterial effect of cinnamon EO combined with certain classical antibiotics as ampicillin, streptomycin, or chloramphenicol against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa.
| Materials and Methods | | |
Essential oils extraction
Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon) barks were purchased from a local supermarket in Fez province (Morocco). A total of 200 g of cinnamon barks was subjected to hydrodistillation for 3 H with 700 ml of distilled water using a Clevenger-type modified apparatus. The hydrosol was collected in a separatory funnel (1 L) so that the heavy oil was decanted to the bottom of the flask, while the hydrosol water was recycled into the flask containing the boiling plant material. The EO was collected and stored at 4°C before analysis.
Bacterial strains
In this study, the antibacterial activity of cinnamon oil alone and in combination with some antibiotics as ampicillin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol was tested against three bacterial strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) provided by the Pasteur Institute of Casablanca (Morocco). The inoculum suspension was obtained by taking colonies from 24 h cultures. The colonies were suspended in sterile 0.9% aqueous solution of NaCl. The density was adjusted to the turbidity of a 0.5 McFarland Standard (108 colony-forming unit [CFU]/mL).[17]
Agar disc diffusion assay
The agar disc diffusion assay was determined according to the experiment of Kirby–Bauer;[18] the suspensions of microorganisms (108 CFU/ml) were flood inoculated onto the surface of Mueller Hinton (MH) agar plates. Sterile 6 mm diameter filter discs (Whatman paper No 3) were impregnated with 10 μg/disc of the compounds and were put onto the surface of the inoculated MH agar. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 18 h. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by measuring the inhibition zones against the tested bacterial strains. All the tests were performed in triplicate. The values of inhibition diameter are given as mean ± standard deviation. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test, using GraphPad Prism 5 software. Differences at P < 0.05 were considered to be significant.
Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed using a microdilution assay in 96 well plates according to the experiment of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards[19] with modification; the different concentrations of cinnamon EO and antibiotics were prepared in a suspension containing 0.2% agar in sterile distilled water.[20] They were carried out by successive dilutions 1/2 ranging from 5000 to 9 μg/ml for EO and from 200 to 0.4 μg/ml for antibiotics. Cinnamon EO or antibiotics were added at different concentrations at the corresponding well in plate. The concentrations obtained in the wells are between 1250 and 2 μg/ml for EO and between 50 and 0.1 μg/ml for antibiotics. Bacterial suspensions were prepared in the same manner described previously and diluted in MH broth and plated in 96 well plates at a density of 106 CFU/ml. Finally, the plates were incubated at 37°C for 18–24 h. Bacterial growth was visually by adding to each well 20 μl of 2.3.5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride aqueous solution (1%). MIC was defined as the lowest concentration that does not produce red color.[17]
Checkerboard assay
The evaluation of the interaction between cinnamon EO and antibiotics was carried out according to the method of Mody[21] with some modifications. Briefly, ten concentrations of cinnamon EO and eight concentrations of each antibiotic were prepared in sterile tubes by dilutions 1/2. Subsequently, EO at decreasing concentrations, going from MIC × 4 to MIC/128, was introduced horizontally into the 96 well plates. In the same manner, the antibiotics at decreasing concentrations, going from MIC × 4 to MIC/32, was introduced vertically. The final volume in each well was 200 μl comprising 25 μl of EO, 25 μl of one of the antibiotics' dilution, and 150 μl of MH media containing 106 CFU/ml of bacterial suspensions. The plates were then incubated at 37°C for 18 h. The analysis of the combination was obtained by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) using the following formula:[22]
FIC index (FICI) = FICA + FICB
Where (A) is cinnamon EO and (B) is one of the antibiotics.
The FICI values were interpreted as a synergistic effect when FICI ≤0.5; an additive effect when 0.5 < FICI < 1; an indifferent when 1< FICI < 4; and an antagonistic effect when FICI > 4.
| Results | | |
Antibacterial activity
The antibacterial activity of the cinnamon EO, streptomycin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol tested against three bacterial strains (E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and the MIC results are shown in [Table 1]. Cinnamon oil was able to inhibit all strains tested: E. coli., S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa with the MIC of 4.88, 4.88, and 19.53 μg/ml, respectively. However, streptomycin had the same MIC (3.13 μg/ml) against all bacteria strains. Ampicillin and chloramphenicol inhibited E. coli with the same MIC of 0.31 μg/ml. However, the antibacterial effect of ampicillin was higher than that of chloramphenicol against S. aureus with the MIC of 0.16 and 0.31 μg/ml, respectively. While P. aeruginosa was resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol [Table 1]. | Table 1: Inhibition zone diameter and minimum inhibitory concentration of cinnamon essential oil and antibiotics
Click here to view |
Combined effects of cinnamon essential oil and antibiotics
[Table 2] and [Table 3] show the cinnamon oil tested against three multidrug-resistant bacteria in combination with some antibiotics. As shown in [Table 3], mixing antibiotics with cinnamon EO reduces the MICs, 2 fold for P. aeruginosa, 2–8 fold for S. aureus, and 2–4 for E. coli. As revealed in [Table 3], the synergistic effect was obtained by the combination of cinnamon EO with ampicillin or chloramphenicol against S. aureus and by the combination of EO and chloramphenicol against E. coli with the FICI of 0.5. However, an additive effect was founded when EO was combined with streptomycin against all stains tested; E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa; with FICI of 1.00, 0.75, and 1.00, respectively. Moreover, the combination EO–ampicillin showed an indifferent effect against E. coli with the FICI of 1.25 [Table 3]. | Table 2: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (μg/ml) and fractional inhibitory concentration values of the combinations of Cinnamon EO and antibiotics
Click here to view |
 | Table 3: Fractional inhibitory concentration indices values of the combinations of cinnamon EO and antibiotics
Click here to view |
| Discussion | | |
Based on the results in [Table 1], it was known that the cinnamon oil was able to inhibit all strains tested; these results are relatively in agreement with the previous reports.[7],[12] The high antibacterial activity observed in cinnamon EO may be due to the action of transcinnamaldehyde, considered as its single major compound.[7],[8] It has been reported that transcinnamaldehyde possesses the highest antimicrobial in comparison with other constituents of cinnamon oil.[9],[23],[24] On the other hand, synergistic interactions between different plant extracts are the aim of the herbal formulation in folk medicine.[25] Some authors had determined the antibacterial effect of cinnamon EO combinations; Utchariyakiat et al. showed that cinnamon EO combined with colistin demonstrated a synergistic action against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa.[14] Mahadlek et al. used the checkerboard assay to determine the activity of cinnamon oil associated with the same antimicrobial agents; they observed that cinnamon EO combinations with doxycycline hyclate, ciprofloxacin HCl, or metronidazole displayed an additive against S. aureus ATCC 6538P.[16] It was reported that the association of cinnamon oil and piperacillin demonstrated a synergistic interaction against E. coli.[15] There are some reports on the interaction between plant EOs and antibiotics, which indicated a synergistic action.[25],[26] These data were confirmed by the present work, thus highlighting the efficacy of cinnamon oil when combined with ampicillin or chloramphenicol. The effect of a combination of cinnamon and other EOs was reported, for example, Clemente et al. demonstrated that the combination of cinnamon with mustard EOs showed an additive effect against E. coli ATCC25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and some other bacteria species.[12] Lu et al. showed that cinnamon combined with thyme or clove EOs displayed in most cases an additive or indifferent action against foodborne bacteria.[13] However, the mechanism that is responsible for the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon includes its chemical composition such as Cinnamaldehyde,[6] which is an electronegative molecule that could interfere with the cellular biological process, particularly nitrogen-containing substances such as proteins and nucleic acids.[25] Furthermore, cinnamon EO has been reported to inhibit bacteria through antiquorum sensing effects; inhibiting cell division, ATPase, biofilm formation membrane porin, and mobility; altering the lipid profile[6] and thereby acting cell membrane producing lumps and autoaggregation.[12] These properties could conduct the reduction of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics, decrease the dose of the antibiotic required for treatment, and therefore will decrease the toxic side effects of the drugs.[25] However, other studies are needed to explain the mechanism responsible for the antibacterial effect of the combination of cinnamon and antibiotics.
| Conclusion | | |
The present study reported that the combinations between cinnamon EO and some classical antibiotics had synergistic and additive interactions against multidrug-resistant bacteria. These combinations can be used as an alternative therapeutic application, which could decrease the minimum effective dose of the drugs, thus reducing their possible adverse effects and the costs of treatment.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank the Pasteur Institute of Casablanca, Morocco, for providing multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
| 1. | Martelli G, Giacomini D. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities for natural and synthetic dual-active compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2018;158:91-105.  |
| 2. | World Health Organization. A Global Health Guardian: Climate Change, Air Pollution and Antimicrobial. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2017. |
| 3. | Rossiter SE, Fletcher MH, Wuest WM. Natural products as platforms to overcome antibiotic resistance. Chem Rev 2017;117:12415-74. |
| 4. | Jalal Z, Elatki Y, Lyoussi B, Abdellaoui A. Phytochemistry of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. Growing wild in Morocco: Preventive approach against nosocomial infections. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015;6:1-4. |
| 5. | Marwa C, Fikri-Benbrahim K, Ou-Yahia D, Farah A. African peppermint ( Mentha piperita) from Morocco: Chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oil. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2017;8:86-90. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
| 6. | Vasconcelos NG, Croda J, Simionatto S. Antibacterial mechanisms of cinnamon and its constituents: A review. Microb Pathog 2018;120:198-203. |
| 7. | Unlu M, Ergene E, Unlu GV, Zeytinoglu HS, Vural N. Composition, antimicrobial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of essential oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume ( Lauraceae). Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:3274-80. |
| 8. | Singh G, Maurya S, DeLampasona MP, Catalan CA. A comparison of chemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial studies of cinnamon leaf and bark volatile oils, oleoresins and their constituents. Food Chem Toxicol 2007;45:1650-61. |
| 9. | Shi C, Zhang X, Zhao X, Meng R, Liu Z, Chen X, et al. Synergistic interactions of nisin in combination with cinnamaldehyde against Staphylococcus aureus in pasteurized milk. Food Control 2017;71:10-6. |
| 10. | Gutierrez J, Barry-Ryan C, Bourke P. The antimicrobial efficacy of plant essential oil combinations and interactions with food ingredients. Int J Food Microbiol 2008;124:91-7. |
| 11. | Al-Bayati FA. Synergistic antibacterial activity between Thymus vulgaris and Pimpinella anisum essential oils and methanol extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;116:403-6. |
| 12. | Clemente I, Aznar M, Silva F, Nerín C. Antimicrobial properties and mode of action of mustard and cinnamon essential oils and their combination against foodborne bacteria. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 2016;36:26-33. |
| 13. | Lu F, Ding YC, Ye XQ, Ding YT. Antibacterial effect of cinnamon oil combined with thyme or clove oil. Agr Sci China 2011;10:1482-7. |
| 14. | Utchariyakiat I, Surassmo S, Jaturanpinyo M, Khuntayaporn P, Chomnawang MT. Efficacy of cinnamon bark oil and cinnamaldehyde on anti-multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the synergistic effects in combination with other antimicrobial agents. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016;16:158. |
| 15. | Yap PS, Lim SH, Hu CP, Yiap BC. Combination of essential oils and antibiotics reduce antibiotic resistance in plasmid-conferred multidrug resistant bacteria. Phytomedicine 2013;20:710-3. |
| 16. | Mahadlek J, Charoenteeraboon J, Phaechamud T. Combination effects of the antimicrobial agents and cinnamon oil. Adv Matr Res 2012;506:246-9. |
| 17. | Mello S, Bittencourt F, Fronza N, Cunha A, Neud G, Rosana C, et al. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Laurus nobilis essential oil towards foodborne pathogens and its application in fresh Tuscan sausage stored at 7 C. LWT Food Sci Technol 2014;59:86-93. |
| 18. | Furtado GL, Medeiros AA. Single-disk diffusion testing (Kirby-Bauer) of susceptibility of proteus mirabilis to chloramphenicol: Significance of the intermediate category. J Clin Microbiol 1980;12:550-3. |
| 19. | National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Ninth International Supplement. USA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard; 1999. |
| 20. | Remmal A, Bouchikhi T, Rhayour K. Improved method for the determination of antimicrobial activity of essential oils in agar medium. J Essent Oil Res 1993;5:179-84. |
| 21. | Moody J. Synergism testing: broth microdilution checkerboard and broth microdilution. In: Isenberg HD, editor. Clin Microbiology Procedures Handbook. Washington: American Society for Microbiology; 2003. p. 1-28. |
| 22. | Wendakoon CN, Sakaguchi M. Inhibition of amino acid decarboxylase activity of Enterobacter aerogenes by active components in spices. J Food Prot 1995;58:280-3. |
| 23. | Cheng SS, Liu JY, Hsui YR, Chang ST. Chemical polymorphism and antifungal activity of essential oils from leaves of different provenances of indigenous cinnamon ( Cinnamomum osmophloeum). Bioresour Technol 2006;97:306-12. |
| 24. | Ali SM, Khan AA, Ahmed I, Musaddiq M, Ahmed KS, Polasa H, et al. Antimicrobial activities of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde against the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2005;4:20. |
| 25. | Fadli M, Saad A, Sayadi S, Chevalier J, Mezrioui NE, Pagès JM, et al. Antibacterial activity of thymus maroccanus and thymus broussonetii essential oils against nosocomial infection – Bacteria and their synergistic potential with antibiotics. Phytomedicine 2012;19:464-71. |
| 26. | Rosato A, Vitali C, De Laurentis N, Armenise D, Antonietta Milillo M. Antibacterial effect of some essential oils administered alone or in combination with norfloxacin. Phytomedicine 2007;14:727-32. |
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3]
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Antimicrobial mechanisms of spice essential oils and application in food industry |
|
| Yong-xin Li, Famous Erhunmwunsee, Man Liu, Kunlong Yang, Weifa Zheng, Jun Tian | | Food Chemistry. 2022; : 132312 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
Volatile components in Yinchenzhufu decoction and their pharmacokinetics after oral administration in rats |
|
| Bin Zan, Yuanyuan Li, Xiaoshu Sun, Tianming Wang, Rong Shi, Yueming Ma | | RSC Advances. 2022; 12(6): 3287 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
Nanoparticles—Attractive Carriers of Antimicrobial Essential Oils |
|
| Arya Nair, Rashmi Mallya, Vasanti Suvarna, Tabassum Asif Khan, Munira Momin, Abdelwahab Omri | | Antibiotics. 2022; 11(1): 108 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
Screening of Natural Molecules as Adjuvants to Topical Antibiotics to Treat Staphylococcus aureus from Diabetic Foot Ulcer Infections |
|
| Diana Oliveira, Anabela Borges, Maria J. Saavedra, Fernanda Borges, Manuel Simões | | Antibiotics. 2022; 11(5): 620 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
Dual Spinneret Electrospun Polyurethane/PVA-Gelatin Nanofibrous Scaffolds Containing Cinnamon Essential Oil and Nanoceria for Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation |
|
| Mohamed Ahmed Mohamady Hussein, Oguzhan Gunduz, Ali Sahin, Mariusz Grinholc, Ibrahim Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Mosaad Megahed | | Molecules. 2022; 27(7): 2146 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
Comparative Metabolite Fingerprinting of Four Different Cinnamon Species Analyzed via UPLC–MS and GC–MS and Chemometric Tools |
|
| Mohamed A. Farag, Eman M. Kabbash, Ahmed Mediani, Stefanie Döll, Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Sherif M. Afifi | | Molecules. 2022; 27(9): 2935 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 7 |
Study on the Grafting of Chitosan-Essential Oil Microcapsules onto Cellulosic Fibers to Obtain Bio Functional Material |
|
| Aicha Bouaziz,Dorra Dridi,Sondes Gargoubi,Abir Zouari,Hatem Majdoub,Chedly Boudokhane,Aghleb Bartegi | | Coatings. 2021; 11(6): 637 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 8 |
Impact of Cinnamomum verum against different Escherichia coli strains isolated from drinking water sources of rural areas in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |
|
| Jawaher Ibrahim Al Ahadeb | | Journal of King Saud University - Science. 2021; : 101742 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 9 |
Valorization of Cinnamon Essential Oil as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1.0 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution |
|
| J. Lazrak,N. Arrousse,E. Ech-chihbi,Y. El Atki,A. Taroq,A. Abdellaoui,F. El-Hajjaji,M. Taleb,A. Nahle | | Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry. 2021; 57(3): 360 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 10 |
The Use of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil as an Additive to Drinking Water for Broiler Chickens and Its In Vitro Reaction with Enrofloxacin |
|
| M. Adaszynska-Skwirzynska,D. Szczerbinska,S. Zych | | Animals. 2021; 11(6): 1535 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 11 |
Essential Oils: A Natural Weapon against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Responsible for Nosocomial Infections |
|
| Ramona Iseppi,Martina Mariani,Carla Condò,Carla Sabia,Patrizia Messi | | Antibiotics. 2021; 10(4): 417 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 12 |
Ätherische Öle aus Zimt und Gewürznelken
verstärken die Wirkung von Antibiotika gegen multiresistente bakterielle
Krankheitserreger |
|
| Hana Sakr, Sebastian Schmidt, Stefan Bereswill, Markus M. Heimesaat, Matthias F. Melzig | | Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie. 2021; 42(05): 233 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 13 |
The impact of essential oils on the qualitative properties, release profile, and stimuli-responsiveness of active food packaging nanocomposites |
|
| Maryam Azizi-Lalabadi,Zeinab Rahimzadeh-Sani,Jianguo Feng,Hamed Hosseini,Seid Mahdi Jafari | | Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2021; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 14 |
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of commercial essential oils against common chicken pathogenic bacteria and their relationship with antibiotic resistance |
|
| Nguyen Thi Bich Van,On Thuong Vi,Nguyen Thi Phuong Yen,Nguyen Thi Nhung,Nguyen Van Cuong,Bach Tuan Kiet,Nguyen Van Hoang,Vo Be Hien,Guy Thwaites,James Campell,Marc Choisy,Juan Carrique-Mas | | Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 15 |
In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil against clinical multidrug-resistant Shigella isolates |
|
| Sousan Akrami,Mansour Amin,Morteza Saki | | Molecular Biology Reports. 2021; 48(3): 2583 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 16 |
Interaction of herbal ingredients contained in the Trikatuk recipe: design of experiment (DOE) and chemical analysis point of view |
|
| Chaowalit Monton,Jirapornchai Suksaeree | | Advances in Traditional Medicine. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 17 |
Interaction of plant ingredients contained in Chatuphalathika herbal remedy based on chemical analysis aspect: four-component simplex lattice design |
|
| Chaowalit Monton,Jirapornchai Suksaeree | | Advances in Traditional Medicine. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 18 |
Cinnamon and its active compounds: A potential candidate in disease and tumour management through modulating various genes activity |
|
| Saleh A. Almatroodi,Mohammed A. Alsahli,Ahmad Almatroudi,Shehwaz Anwar,Amit Kumar Verma,Kapil Dev,Arshad Husain Rahmani | | Gene Reports. 2020; : 100966 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 19 |
Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Cinnamomum (Lauraceae): A review |
|
| Jun Wang,Benzheng Su,Haiqiang Jiang,Ning Cui,Zongyuan Yu,Yuhan Yang,Yu Sun | | Fitoterapia. 2020; 146: 104675 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 20 |
Investigation of the Interaction of Herbal Ingredients Contained in Triphala Recipe Using Simplex Lattice Design: Chemical Analysis Point of View |
|
| Chaowalit Monton,Thaniya Wunnakup,Jirapornchai Suksaeree,Laksana Charoenchai,Natawat Chankana | | International Journal of Food Science. 2020; 2020: 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 21 |
Multidrug and Pan-Antibiotic Resistance—The Role of Antimicrobial and Synergistic Essential Oils: A Review |
|
| Karen Boren, AliceAnn Crown, Richard Carlson | | Natural Product Communications. 2020; 15(10): 1934578X20 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 22 |
Effect of cinnamon essential oil on morphological, flammability and thermal properties of nanocellulose fibre–reinforced starch biopolymer composites |
|
| Razali M. O. Syafiq,Salit M. Sapuan,Mohd R. M. Zuhri | | Nanotechnology Reviews. 2020; 9(1): 1147 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 23 |
Influence of sodium chlorate, ferulic acid, and essential oils on Escherichia coli and porcine fecal microbiota |
|
| Claudio Arzola-Alvarez,Michael E Hume,Robin C Anderson,Elizabeth A Latham,Oscar Ruiz-Barrera,Yamicela Castillo-Castillo,Ana Luisa Olivas-Palacios,Monserrath Felix-Portillo,Ruth L Armendariz-Rivas,Alejandro Arzola-Rubio,Marina Ontiveros-Magadan,Yuridia Bautista-Martínez,Jaime Salinas-Chavira | | Journal of Animal Science. 2020; 98(3) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 24 |
In vitro
antimicrobial combinatory effect of
Cinnamomum cassia
essential oil with 8-hydroxyquinoline against
Staphylococcus aureus
in liquid and vapour phase |
|
| M. Netopilova,M. Houdkova,K. Urbanova,J. Rondevaldova,P. Damme,L. Kokoska | | Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 25 |
Keratin–cinnamon essential oil biocomposite fibrous patches for skin burn care |
|
| Despoina Kossyvaki,Giulia Suarato,Maria Summa,Arianna Gennari,Nora Francini,Iosifina Gounaki,Danae Venieri,Nicola Tirelli,Rosalia Bertorelli,Athanassia Athanassiou,Evie L. Papadopoulou | | Materials Advances. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 26 |
Application of Plant Extracts as a Preservative in an Aqueous Gel Formulation |
|
| Punnidtha Bupphatanarat,Worrapannee Powtongsook,Chawalinee Asawahame,Paveena Wongtrakul | | Key Engineering Materials. 2020; 859: 172 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 27 |
Effect of trans-Cinnamaldehyde on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation: Metabolic Activity Assessment and Analysis of the Biofilm-Associated Genes Expression |
|
| Barbara Kot,Hubert Sytykiewicz,Iwona Sprawka,Malgorzata Witeska | | International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 21(1): 102 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 28 |
Cinnamomum cassia Presl: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology |
|
| Chunling Zhang,Linhong Fan,Shunming Fan,Jiaqi Wang,Ting Luo,Yu Tang,Zhimin Chen,Lingying Yu | | Molecules. 2019; 24(19): 3473 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 29 |
Quality retention and shelf life extension of fresh beef using Lepidium sativum seed mucilage-based edible coating containing Heracleum lasiopetalum essential oil: an experimental and modeling study |
|
| Hassan Barzegar,Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani,Mohammad Amin Mehrnia | | Food Science and Biotechnology. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 30 |
Phytochemistry, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of two Moroccan Teucrium polium L. subspecies: Preventive approach against nosocomial infections |
|
| Yassine El Atki,Imane Aouam,Fatima El Kamari,Amal Taroq,Badiaa Lyoussi,Bouchra Oumokhtar,Abdelfattah Abdellaoui | | Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
 |
|
|
|
Search Pubmed for