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| REVIEW ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2013 | Volume
: 4
| Issue : 1 | Page : 4-8 |
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Current concepts and prospects of herbal nutraceutical: A review
Baby Chauhan, Gopal Kumar, Nazia Kalam, Shahid H Ansari
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| Date of Web Publication | 20-Feb-2013 |
Correspondence Address:
Shahid H Ansari
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.107494
 Abstract | | |
Nutraceuticals are food or part of food that provides medical or health benefits including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease. Nutraceutical has advantage over the medicine because they avoid side effect, have naturally dietary supplement, etc. Nutraceutical; on the basis of their natural source, chemical grouping, categories into three key terms -nutrients, herbals, dietary supplements, dietary fiber, etc. The most rapidly growing segments of the industry were dietary supplements (19.5 percent per year) and natural/herbal products (11.6 percent per year). Global nutraceutical market is estimated as USD 117 billion. FDA regulated dietary supplements as foods to ensure that they were safe. In 2006, the Indian government passed Food Safety and Standard Act to regulate the nutraceutical industry. Herbal nutraceutical is used as a powerful instrument in maintaining health and to act against nutritionally induced acute and chronic diseases, thereby promoting optimal health, longevity, and quality of life. Keywords: Dietary supplement, global market, nutraceutical, regulation
How to cite this article:
Chauhan B, Kumar G, Kalam N, Ansari SH. Current concepts and prospects of herbal nutraceutical: A review. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2013;4:4-8 |
How to cite this URL:
Chauhan B, Kumar G, Kalam N, Ansari SH. Current concepts and prospects of herbal nutraceutical: A review. J Adv Pharm Technol Res [serial online] 2013 [cited 2023 Apr 1];4:4-8. Available from: https://www.japtr.org/text.asp?2013/4/1/4/107494 |
| Introduction | |  |
The term nutraceuticals was coined from "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical" by Stephen Defelice MD, founder and chairman of the foundation for innovation in medicine (FIM) Cranford, New Jersy, in 1989. [1] According to Defelice "nutracetuicals are food or part of a food that provides medical or health benefits including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease." [2] Greek physician HIPPOCRATES (known as father of medicines) said "let food be your medicine" The philosophy behind is "focus on prevention" Other words used in the context are Dietary supplements, functional food, multi-functional food, etc. Functional foods are ordinary foods that have components, ingredients that incorporated into give them a specific medicinal or health benefit moreover nutritional effect. [3]
According to dietary supplement, health and education act (DSHEA) dietary supplements are products intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other botanical, an amino acid, a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total daily intake, or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combinations of these ingredients. [4] It may be taken in the form of pill capsule, tablet, or liquid form. It is not represented for use as a conventional food or as the sole item of a meal or diet. It is labeled as a "dietary supplement." [5] Under the DSHEA (1994), the manufacturer of a dietary supplement is responsible for ensuring that the dietary supplement is safe before it is marketed. [6]
Simply, Nutraceuticals means, NUTRITIVE + PHARMACEUTICAL: A food stuff (as a fortified food or dietary supplement) that provides health benefits.
The functional food concept can be defined as "Food products to be taken as part of the usual diet in order to have beneficial effects that go beyond basic nutritional function" [Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3] and [Table 4].
| Health Benefits | | |
- Avoid the side effect.
- May increase the health beneficial effect.
- May have naturally dietary supplement, so do not have unpleasant side effect.
- May increase the health value, our diet and improve medical condition of human.
- May easily be available and economically affordable.
Nutritional therapy is a healing system using dietary therapeutics or nutraceuticals as a complementary therapy. This therapy is based on the belief that foods can not only be sources of nutrients and energy but could also provide medicinal benefits.
According to nutraceutical and nutritional therapy theory, it achieves this goal by using efficacy of such nutraceuticals in detoxifying the body, avoiding vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and restoring healthy digestion and dietary habit. Phytonutrients basically is plant nutrients with particular biological activities in supporting human health. [7]
The phytochemical work by following way:
- Substrate for biochemical reactions.
- Cofactors of enzymatic reactions.
- Inhibitors of enzymatic reactions.
- Absorbents that bind to and eliminate undesirable constituent in the intestine.
- Enhance the absorption and/or stability of essential nutrients.
- Selective growth factor for beneficial bacteria.
- Fermentation substrate for beneficial bacteria.
- Selective inhibitors of deleterious intestinal bacteria.
- Scavengers of reactive or toxic chemicals.
- Ligands that agonize or antagonize cell surface or intracellular receptors. [8]
| Classification | | |
Nutraceuticals or functional foods can be classified on the basis of their natural sources, pharmacological conditions, or as per chemical constitution of the products.
- On the basis of natural source, it can be classified as the products obtained from plants, animals, minerals, or microbial sources.
- Nutraceuticals as per the chemical groupings.
Category of Nutraceutical
- Substances with established nutritional functions, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids-Nutrients.
- Herbs or botanical products as concentrates or extracts-Herbals.
- Reagents derived from other sources (e.g., pyruvate, chondroitin sulfate, steroid hormone precursors) serving specific functions, such as sports nutrition, weight-loss supplements, fortified conventional foods, and meal replacements-Dietary supplements.
Dietary supplements are not intended to treat or cure disease, [10] whereas nutraceuticals more emphasize the expected results of these products, such as prevention or treatment of diseases. [11]
Some of the most common ways of classifying nutraceuticals can be based on food sources, mechanism of action, chemical nature, etc. The food sources used as nutraceuticals are all natural and can be categorized as
- Dietary Fiber.
- Probiotics.
- Prebiotics.
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- Antioxidant vitamins.
- Polyphenols.
- Spices [12]
Nutraceutical can be broadly classified into the following 2 groups:
i) Potential nutraceuticals.
ii) Established nutraceuticals.
A potential nutraceutical could become an established one only after efficient clinical data of its health and medical benefits are obtained. [13],[14]
| Global Demand of Nutraceutical | | |
The nutraceutical industry lies under three main segments which include functional foods, dietary supplements, and herbal/natural products. [15] Global nutraceutical market is estimated as USD 117 billion (INR 5148 billion). [16] In 2007, nutraceuticals sale is projected to reach $74.7 billion at an AAGR of 9.9%. This assumes a world economic recovery in 2003 and an end to price competition [Figure 1]. [17]
According to a recent report, the total market for nutraceuticals in India is growing at 21 percent per annum. It is currently valued at INR 44bn (€621 m), but could be worth more than INR 95bn in four years. [19]
As a concept, "Nutraceuticals" is still in its stage of infancy in India. But it has been growing much faster than global rates at CAGR of 18% for the last 3 years driven by functional food and beverages categories. [20] The most rapidly growing segments of the industry were dietary supplements (19.5 percent per year) and natural/herbal products (11.6 percent per year).
| Regulations | | |
A food stuff (as a fortified food or a dietary supplement) that provides health benefits, if indeed a claim was made that implied medicinal benefit regarding a nutraceutical product, the product would be required to comply with the regulatory requirements for medicinal products, in respect of safety, efficacy, and quality testing and marketing authorization procedures. [14] For decades, FDA regulated dietary supplements as foods to ensure that they were safe and wholesome and that their labeling was truthful and not misleading. In 2006, the Indian government passed Food Safety and Standard Act to integrate and streamline the many regulations covering nutraceuticals, foods, and dietary supplements. The act calls for the creation of the Food Safety and Standards Authority (FSSA). [21]
| Benefits of Implementation of Fssa Acts | | |
- Unification of eight laws, i.e, steps to Harmonization.
- Alignment of international regulations.
- Science-based standards.
- Clarity and uniformity on novel food areas.
- Help curb corruptions.
Unlike the US, where the DSHEA is in place to regulate these products, in India the Government is in the process of drafting a law to regulate manufacturing, importing, and marketing of health foods, dietary supplements, and other nutraceuticals [22] and finally Indian food safety standard bill 2005 signed into law, promising a major impact on Indian food processing industry. The Indian Food Safety and Standard Act came into enforcement in 2006 with the following two main objectives:
- To introduce a single statute relating to food, and
- To provide for scientific development of the food processing 2009 industry. [21]
| Government Regulations - NLEA 1990 | | |
Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 (NLEA) defines how food is labeled, including nutrition labeling, in accordance with definitions established by FDA, and providing for the use of claims about the relationship between nutrients and diseases or health-related condition.
Benefits of Regulation
- Allows greater legal security and more predicable environment.
- Supports innovation (food and drink products).
- Prevents unfair competition from manufactures using false or misleading claims.
- If positive claims cannot be made, the regulation does not oblige anyone to make negative claims about the product. [26]
| Conclusion | | |
Nutraceuticals have proven health benefits and their consumption (within their acceptable Recommended Dietary Intakes) will keep diseases at bay and allow humans to maintain an overall good health. Although nutraceuticals have significant promise in the promotion of human health and disease prevention, health professional, nutritionists, and regulatory toxicologist should strategically work together to plan appropriate regulation to provide the ultimate health and therapeutic benefit to mankind. That is why implementation of regulatory body is necessary to standardize the nutraceutical industry. It is also necessary to review this topic because the nutraceutical industry is growing at a rate far exceeding expansion in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Herbal nutraceutical is a powerful instrument in maintaining health and to act against nutritionally induced acute and chronic diseases, thereby promoting optimal health, longevity, and quality of life.
| Acknowledgement | | |
The authors wish to thank Jamia Hamdard.
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[Figure 1]
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4]
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The Study of the Registration Guideline of Nutraceutical Products in ASEAN Countries |
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| Mansi Athalye,Sneha Vaghela,Nehal Bhavsar | | Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs. 2020; 7(2): 104 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 43 |
Current Prospects of Nutraceuticals: A Review |
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| Vedant Sachdeva,Arpita Roy,Navneeta Bharadvaja | | Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. 2020; 21(10): 884 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 44 |
Ethnobotanical Assessment and Physicochemical Properties of Commonly Used Medicinal Plants in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: Traditional Healers Based Cross-Sectional Study |
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| Jafer Siraj,Sileshi Belew,Sultan Suleman | | Journal of Experimental Pharmacology. 2020; Volume 12: 665 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 45 |
Prevalence and Use of Dietary Supplements Among Pharmacy Students in Saudi Arabia |
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| Sana Samreen,Nasir A Siddiqui,Syed Wajid,Ramzi A Mothana,Omar M Almarfadi | | Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2020; Volume 13: 1523 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 46 |
The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical |
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| Irina Borodina,Louise C. Kenny,Cathal M. McCarthy,Kalaivani Paramasivan,Etheresia Pretorius,Timothy J. Roberts,Steven A. van der Hoek,Douglas B. Kell | | Nutrition Research Reviews. 2020; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 47 |
Solid self-microemulsifying nutraceutical delivery system for hesperidin using quality by design: assessment of biopharmaceutical attributes and shelf-life |
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| Shailesh S. Chalikwar,Sanjay J. Surana,Sameer N. Goyal,Kaushalendra K. Chaturvedi,Pankaj V. Dangre | | Journal of Microencapsulation. 2020; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 48 |
An Innovative Wax-based Enteric Coating for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Oral Products |
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| Rober Habashy,Mouhamad Khoder,Sitong Zhang,Beatriz Pereira,Marton Bohus,Julie Tzu-Wen Wang,Abdullah Isreb,Mohamed A. Alhnan | | International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2020; : 119935 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 49 |
Laxative effect and mechanism of Tiantian Capsule on loperamide-induced constipation in rats |
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| Tian Li,Mengmeng Hu,Cuihua Jiang,Dongjian Zhang,Meng Gao,Jianwei Xia,Mengqi Miao,Gaofeng Shi,Hui Li,Jian Zhang,Zhiqi Yin | | Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2020; : 113411 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 50 |
Role of nutraceuticals in cognition during aging and related disorders |
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| Padmanabh Singh,Thamil Mani Sivanandam,Arpita Konar,M.K. Thakur | | Neurochemistry International. 2020; : 104928 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 51 |
Nutrition as Adjunct Therapy in Periodontal Disease Management |
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| Benso Sulijaya,Naoki Takahashi,Kyoko Yamazaki,Kazuhisa Yamazaki | | Current Oral Health Reports. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 52 |
Therapeutic effects of turmeric in several diseases: An overview |
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| Eleonora Hay,Angela Lucariello,Marcella Contieri,Teresa Esposito,Antonio De Luca,Germano Guerra,Angelica Perna | | Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2019; 310: 108729 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 53 |
Nanoscale Delivery System for Nutraceuticals: Preparation, Application, Characterization, Safety, and Future Trends |
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| Jiawei Chen,Liandong Hu | | Food Engineering Reviews. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 54 |
Nanoemulsified adlay bran oil reduces tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells and zebrafish |
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| Yuwen Ting,Yin-Ting Hu,Jing-Yu Hu,Wen-Chang Chang,Qingrong Huang,Shu-Chen Hsieh | | Food Science & Nutrition. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 55 |
The Rat (Rattus norvegicus) as a Model Object for Acute Organophosphate Poisoning. 2. A System Analysis of the Efficacy of Green Tea Extract in Preventing Delayed Effects of Poisoning |
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| N. V. Goncharov,M. A. Terpilowski,I. V. Kudryavtsev,M. K. Serebryakova,D. A. Belinskaia,V. E. Sobolev,V. I. Shmurak,E. A. Korf,P. V. Avdonin | | Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2019; 55(3): 208 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 56 |
Terms and nomenclature used for plant-derived components in nutrition and related research: efforts toward harmonization |
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| Jan Frank,Naomi K Fukagawa,Anna R Bilia,Elizabeth J Johnson,Oran Kwon,Vish Prakash,Teruo Miyazawa,Michael N Clifford,Colin D Kay,Alan Crozier,John W Erdman,Andrew Shao,Gary Williamson | | Nutrition Reviews. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 57 |
Advanced Glycation End Products and Risks for Chronic Diseases: Intervening Through Lifestyle Modification |
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| Chandan Prasad,Kathleen E. Davis,Victorine Imrhan,Shanil Juma,Parakat Vijayagopal | | American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2019; 13(4): 384 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 58 |
Carotenoids: updates on legal statutory and competence for nutraceutical properties |
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| Ruchira Mitra,Surojit Bera | | Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal. 2019; 7(2): 300 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 59 |
Effects of omega-6/3 and omega-9/6 nutraceuticals on pain and fertility in peritoneal endometriosis in rats |
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| Francisco Edson Ximenes Gomes Pereira,Francisco das Chagas Medeiros,Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha,Karine Saraiva da Silva | | Acta Cirurgica Brasileira. 2019; 34(4) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 60 |
Relationships Between Neurodegeneration and Vascular Damage in Diabetic Retinopathy |
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| Maria Grazia Rossino,Massimo Dal Monte,Giovanni Casini | | Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2019; 13 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 61 |
Nutraceuticals for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy |
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| Maria Grazia Rossino,Giovanni Casini | | Nutrients. 2019; 11(4): 771 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 62 |
Design and implementation of novel nutraceuticals and derivatives for treating intestinal disorders |
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| Maria J Barahona,Vanessa Baratta,Jenna Ollodart,David Mulligan,John P Geibel | | Future Medicinal Chemistry. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 63 |
Multivariate Statistical Optimization of Tablet Formulations Incorporating High Doses of a Dry Herbal Extract |
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| Euichaul Oh,Uijung Kim,Beom-Jin Lee,Cheol Moon | | Pharmaceutics. 2019; 11(2): 79 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 64 |
Nutraceuticals in Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review on the Role of Vitamins in Periodontal Health Maintenance |
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| Alfonso Varela-López,María Navarro-Hortal,Francesca Giampieri,Pedro Bullón,Maurizio Battino,José Quiles | | Molecules. 2018; 23(5): 1226 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 65 |
Antioxidative Potential of a Streptomyces sp. MUM292 Isolated from Mangrove Soil |
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| Loh Teng-Hern Tan,Kok-Gan Chan,Chim Kei Chan,Tahir Mehmood Khan,Learn-Han Lee,Bey-Hing Goh | | BioMed Research International. 2018; 2018: 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 66 |
Nanoliposome technology for the food and nutraceutical industries |
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| S. Khorasani,M. Danaei,M.R. Mozafari | | Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2018; 79: 106 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 67 |
Colon targeted beads loaded with pterostilbene: Formulation, Optimization, Characterization and In vivo evaluation |
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| Mudassir Ansari,Bhakti Sadarani,Anuradha Majumdar | | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 68 |
Optimization and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal films loaded with resveratrol |
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| Mudassir Ansari,Bhakti Sadarani,Anuradha Majumdar | | Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 69 |
Health-beneficial nutraceuticals—myth or reality? |
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| Sascha Sauer,Annabell Plauth | | Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2017; 101(3): 951 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 70 |
An Integrative Approach to Pediatric Headache Management: Nutraceuticals |
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| Donna J. Stephenson,Amanda L. Hall | | Current Pediatrics Reports. 2017; 5(2): 77 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 71 |
Potential role of nutraceutical compounds in inflammatory bowel disease |
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| Tiziana Larussa,Maria Imeneo,Francesco Luzza | | World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2017; 23(14): 2483 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 72 |
Dietary Supplement Use, Knowledge, and Perceptions Among Student Pharmacists |
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| David R. Axon,Janka Vanova,Courtney Edel,Marion Slack | | American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2017; 81(5): 92 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 73 |
Nutraceutical Value of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], and Their Improvement Using Omics Approaches |
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| Anil Kumar,Mamta Metwal,Sanveen Kaur,Atul K. Gupta,Swati Puranik,Sadhna Singh,Manoj Singh,Supriya Gupta,B. K. Babu,Salej Sood,Rattan Yadav | | Frontiers in Plant Science. 2016; 7 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 74 |
Chemical and biological fingerprints of two Fabaceae species (Cytisopsis dorycniifolia and Ebenus hirsuta): Are they novel sources of natural agents for pharmaceutical and food formulations? |
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| Ramazan Ceylan,Jelena Katanic,Gokhan Zengin,Sanja Matic,Abdurrahman Aktumsek,Tatjana Boroja,Snežana Stanic,Vladimir Mihailovic,Gokalp Ozmen Guler,Mehmet Boga,Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz | | Industrial Crops and Products. 2016; 84: 254 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 75 |
Resveratrol and pterostilbene ameliorate the metabolic derangements associated with smokeless tobacco in estrogen deficient female rats |
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| Abhijit Nirwane,Anuradha Majumdar | | Journal of Functional Foods. 2016; 23: 261 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 76 |
Chemical and Biological Insights on Cotoneaster integerrimus: A new (-)- epicatechin source for food and medicinal applications |
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| Ahmet Uysal,Gokhan Zengin,Adriano Mollica,Erdogan Gunes,Marcello Locatelli,Turgut Yilmaz,Abdurrahman Aktumsek | | Phytomedicine. 2016; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 77 |
Formulation of saponin stabilized nanoemulsion by ultrasonic method and its role to protect the degradation of quercitin from UV light |
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| Khushwinder Kaur,Raj Kumar,S.K. Mehta | | Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 2016; 31: 29 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 78 |
Evolution of a Natural Products and Nutraceuticals Course in the Pharmacy Curriculum |
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| Werner J. Geldenhuys,Michelle L. Cudnik,Daniel L. Krinsky,Altaf S. Darvesh | | American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2015; 79(6): 82 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 79 |
Common delivery systems for enhancing in vivo bioavailability and biological efficacy of nutraceuticals |
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| Yuwen Ting,Yike Jiang,Chi-Tang Ho,Qingrong Huang | | Journal of Functional Foods. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 80 |
Nutraceuticals for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia |
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| Massimo R. Mannarino,Stefano Ministrini,Matteo Pirro | | European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 81 |
Role of Nutraceuticals in Dementia Care |
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| Jonathan M. Ford,Nicole J. Brandt | | Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 2014; 40(4): 12 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
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