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REVIEW ARTICLE
Year : 2011  |  Volume : 2  |  Issue : 4  |  Page : 236-240  

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases

Sandeep Tyagi, Paras Gupta, Arminder Singh Saini, Chaitnya Kaushal, Saurabh Sharma
Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India

Date of Web Publication16-Dec-2011

Correspondence Address:
Sandeep Tyagi
Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab - 142 001
India
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Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.90879

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   Abstract 

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors of nuclear hormone receptor superfamily comprising of the following three subtypes: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARβ/δ. Activation of PPAR-α reduces triglyceride level and is involved in regulation of energy homeostasis. Activation of PPAR-γ causes insulin sensitization and enhances glucose metabolism, whereas activation of PPAR- β/δ enhances fatty acids metabolism. Thus, PPAR family of nuclear receptors plays a major regulatory role in energy homeostasis and metabolic function. The present review critically analyzes the protective and detrimental effect of PPAR agonists in dyslipidemia, diabetes, adipocyte differentiation, inflammation, cancer, lung diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, fertility or reproduction, pain, and obesity.

Keywords: Diabetes, dyslipidemia, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors


How to cite this article:
Tyagi S, Gupta P, Saini AS, Kaushal C, Sharma S. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2011;2:236-40

How to cite this URL:
Tyagi S, Gupta P, Saini AS, Kaushal C, Sharma S. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases. J Adv Pharm Technol Res [serial online] 2011 [cited 2021 Apr 21];2:236-40. Available from: https://www.japtr.org/text.asp?2011/2/4/236/90879


   Introduction Top


Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles found in most plant and animal cells that perform diverse metabolic functions including H 2 O 2-based respiration, β-oxidation of fatty acids (FAs), and cholesterol metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) proteins belong to superfamily of phylogenetically related protein termed nuclear hormone factor.[1] PPARs were identified in rodents in 1990 and these belong to a nuclear hormone receptor superfamily containing 48 members. But, these agents are associated with no proliferation in the human beings. Structurally, PPARs are similar to steroid or thyroid hormone receptor and are stimulated in response to small lipophilic ligands. In rodents, a large class of structurally related chemicals including herbicides, industrial solvents, and hypolipidemic drugs lead to significant increase in the number and size of peroxisomes in the liver and may cause liver hypertrophy, liver hyperplasia, hepatocarcinogenesis, and transcription of genes encoding proximal enzymes. PPARs mainly exist in three subtypes; α, β/δ, and γ, each of which mediates the physiological actions of a large variety of FAs and FA-derived molecules. Activated PPARs are also capable of transcriptional repression through DNA-independent protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors such as NFκB signal activators and transducers of transcription STAT-1 and AP-1 signaling. [2]


   Structure Top


The PPARs possess the canonical domain structure common to other nuclear receptor family members, including the amino-terminal AF-1 trans activation domain, followed by a DNA-binding domain, and a dimerization and ligand-binding domain with a ligand-dependent trans activation function AF-2 located at the carboxy-terminal region. [3]


   Isoforms of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Top


PPARs are transcription factors that belong to the Superfamily of nuclear receptors. Other members of this family include retinoic acid, estrogen, thyroid, vitamin D, and glucocorticoid receptors, and several other proteins involved in xenobiotic metabolism PPARs act on DNA response elements as heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Their natural activating ligands are lipid-derived substrates. The family of PPARs is represented by the following three members: PPAR-α, PPAR-δ, and PPAR-γ. They play an essential role in energy metabolism; however, they differ in the spectrum of their activity-PPAR-γ regulates energy storage, whereas PPAR-α is expressed predominantly in the liver, and to a lesser extent, in muscle, in the heart, and in bone and PPAR-δ present ubiquitously expressed in whole body regulate energy expenditure; expression of PPAR-γ in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells. PPAR-γ is further subdivided in four isoforms.[4]

  • γ1 - expressed in virtually all tissues, including heart, muscle, colon, kidney, pancreas, and spleen.
  • γ2 - expressed mainly in adipose tissue (30 amino acids longer).
  • γ3 - expressed in macrophages, large intestine, and white adipose tissue.
  • γ4 - expressed in endothelial cells.



   Mechanism of Action of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Top


PPARs function as heterodimer in association with co- activator complex that binds to DNA sequence termed peroxisome proliferators response elements (PPREs) present in promoter of target genes which leads to transactivation and transrepression of various genes. [1] In the absence of the ligands, these heterodimers are associated with co- repressor complex which block gene transcription. Some of the agonists of various PPARs receptors are given in Balakumar P.2007. [5] Like PPARs, RXR exists as three distinct isoforms: RXR-α, β, and γ, all of which are activated by the endogenous agonist 9-cis retinoic acid. [6] No specific roles have yet been elaborated for these different isoforms within the PPAR: RXR complex. However, synthetic RXR agonists (rexiniids) can activate the complex and thereby obtain antidiabetic outcomes similar to those seen with PPAR agonists in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. [7] The LBD facilitates the heterodimerization of PPARs with RXR and the resultant heterodimer subsequently binds to PPRE with the recruitment of cofactors. [1]

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha

PPAR-α expression is relatively high in hepatocytes, enterocytes, vascular and immune cell types such as monocytes/macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, non-neuronal cells like microglia and astroglia.[8],[9] In the liver, it plays a crucial role in FA oxidation, which provides energy for peripheral tissues, elevated mitochondrial and peroxisomal FAs β-oxidation rates, such as liver, heart muscle, kidney, skeletal muscle, retina, and brown adipose tissues, and have a potential role in oxidant/antioxidant pathway. [10],[11] PPAR-α ligands can be both synthetic or endogenous FAs and FA-derived compounds are natural ligands for PPAR-α. [12] Over the last several decades, there have been a number of studies on the physiology, pharmacology, and functional genomics of PPAR-α. In vivo and In vitro studies demonstrate that PPAR-α plays a central role in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, and thereby decreases dyslipidemia associated with metabolic syndrome.[13],[14],[15] In the fasting state, PPAR-α is activated by adipose-derived FAs, thereby enhancing the generation of ketone bodies through FA oxidation in liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.[16]

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are the most widely studied PPAR-γ ligands. Troglitazone was the first drug approved for this use, followed by rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. The mechanism of action of TZDs was not known until 1995, when Lehmann reported that TZDs were high affinity ligands, for Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Acting as sensors of hormones, vitamins, endogenous metabolites, and xenobiotic compounds, the nuclear receptors control the expression of a very large number of genes. PPAR-γ has been known for some time to regulate adipocyte differentiation, FA storage and glucose metabolism, and is a target of antidiabetic drugs.[17] PPAR-γ agonist improves insulin resistance by opposing the effect of TNF-α in adipocytes.[18] PPAR-γ enhances the expression of a number of genes encoding proteins involved in glucose and lipid metabolism.[19] Various modulator of PPAR-γ agonist is shown in Balakumar P. 2007.[5]

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β/δ

PPAR-δ/β is expressed in skeletal muscle, adipocytes, macrophages, lungs, brain, and skin. It promotes FA metabolism and suppresses macrophage derived inflammation.[20] Newly synthesized compounds such as GW501516, GW610742, and GW0742X are shown to have high selectivity to PPARδ.[21] PPAR-δ has been noted to reduce the expression of inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules, suggesting their potential role in attenuating atherogenesis.[22] Few studies have shown that PPAR-δ ligands have the potential to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy due to their inhibitory activity on NFκB, a transcription factor which produces inflammatory cytokines. Various modulator of PPAR-β/δ agonist is shown in Balakumar P. 2007. [5]


   Pharmacological Potentials Top


Obesity

This special issue begins with a review of key observations in human subjects harboring genetic variations in PPARγ and a thorough overview of the metabolic effects of PPARs in genetically modified animal models. The interaction of PPARs with uncoupling proteins regulating energy expenditure is reviewed as recent developments with RXR agonists. A closely related topic addressed is the molecular and physiological functions of PPAR co-activators and co-repressors in relationship to adipocyte energy metabolism. In addition, the potential advantages of selective PPAR agonists are discussed. The intriguing possibility that PPARs may mediate effects of caloric restriction on longevity is also considered. Finally, evidence that PPARs may be interesting therapeutic targets to modulate obesity-induced inflammation is reviewed. [23] PPAR-α ligands such as fibrates have been used for the treatment of dyslipidemia due to their ability to lower plasma triglyceride levels and elevate HDL cholesterol levels. PPAR-α activators have been shown to regulate obesity in rodents by both increasing hepatic FA oxidation and decreasing the levels of circulating triglycerides responsible for adipose cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. However, these effects of PPAR-α on obesity and lipid metabolism may be exerted with sexual dimorphism and seem to be influenced by estrogen. Estrogen inhibits the actions of PPARα on obesity and lipid metabolism through its effects on PPARα-dependent regulation of target genes. [24]

Inflammation

Inflammatory conditions are mainly characterized by activation of macrophages and monocytes at the injury site which subsequently increase the release of proinflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β which in turn stimulates the production of COX products. PPAR-α and fenofibrate reduces pain and inflammation and further inhibits the release of several pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic enzymes (e.g., iNOS, chymase, and metalloproteinase MMP-9), and mediators (e.g., NO and TNF-α).[25],[26] More recently, PPAR-γ has been recognized as playing a fundamentally important role in the immune response through its ability to inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and to direct the differentiation of immune cells toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes. A feature of PPAR-γ is the structural diversity of its ligands, which encompass endogenous metabolites, dietary compounds, and synthetic drugs. The high and increasing incidence of inflammatory and allergic disease, coupled with encouraging results from recent clinical trials, suggest that natural PPAR-γ agonists found in foods may be beneficial to human health by acting as anti-inflammatory molecules. PPAR-γ is therefore not only a target of the pharmaceutical industry, but also of great potential interest to the food industry, since it is activated by several natural dietary constituents. [27]

Adipocyte Differentiation

Adipogenesis refers to the process of differentiation of the pre-adipocyte precursor cells into adipocytes that are capable of lipid filling, as well as the expression of hormones and cytokines. PPAR-γ regulates the expression of numerous genes involved in lipid metabolism, including aP2, PPCK, acyl-CoA synthase, and LPL. [28] PPAR-γ has also been shown to control expression of FATP-1 and CD36, both involved in lipid uptake into adipocytes. These genes have all been shown to possess PPREs within their regulatory regions. PPAR-γ is mainly involved in the process of cell growth arrest, followed by progression into the fully differentiated adipocyte phenotype.[29] PPAR-γ and PPAR-β have both been implicated in molecular signaling that mediates adipocyte differentiation, whereas the role of PPAR-γ is well established in this process. The specific role of PPAR-γ is less certain. It has been reported that in the presence of standard differentiation medium, PPAR-γ is required for maximal adipocyte differentiation as PPAR-γ null adipocytes exhibit significantly impaired lipid accumulation and expression of adipose differentiate marker mRNAs.[30]

Anti-Cancer Effect

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) is a Double-Edged Sword in Cancer Therapy. PPAR-alpha stimulation appears to inhibit proliferation of human colon cancer cell lines and to reduce poly formation in the mouse model of familial adenomatous. PPAR-β (also referred to as PPARδ) in epithelial homeostasis have been described including the regulation of keratinocyte differentiation, apoptosis and cell proliferation, inflammation, and wound healing. [31] PPAR-γ not only controls the expression of genes involved in differentiations but also negatively regulates the cell cycle. [32] TZDs induce the tumor suppressor gene PTEN, which also contributes to their antiproliferative activity. PPAR-γ activation inhibits the proliferation of malignant cells, including those derived from liposarcoma, breast adenocarcinoma,[33] prostate carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, bladder cancer, gastric carcinoma, and glial tumors of the brain. [34]

Neurodegenerative Disorder

PPAR-γ agonists have also shown efficacy in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, brain injury, and ALS. They act on microglial cells and inhibit the microglial cells activation. The role of PPARs in modulating lipid and glucose metabolism is well established. More recently, PPARs have been demonstrated to modulate inflammation. For example, PPAR agonists inhibit the production of proinflammatory molecules by peripheral immune cells as well as resident glial cells. Furthermore, PPAR receptor agonists have proven effective in suppressing the development of animal models of CNS inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. [35] In vivo oral administration of the PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone reduced glial activation and the accumulation of Aβ-positive plaques in the hippocampus and cortex. Various neurodegenerative diseases are associated with electron transport chain enzyme activity reductions and increased mitochondrial-generated oxidative stress. [36]


   Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Lung Pathophysiology and Disease Top


This special issue contains a comprehensive group of reviews and original investigations illustrating the pivotal role of PPARs in the regulation of multiple cellular events in lung pathogenesis. Such events include lung morphogenesis, the inhibition of the release of inflammatory mediators from lung immune and stromal/parenchymal cells In vitro, and dampening both inflammation and damage in animal models of acute lung injury (ALI), ischemia-reperfusion injury, and allergic airways inflammation. Also covered are lung tissue remodeling and the fibro-proliferation that occur in chronic airways disease, ALI, pulmonary vascular disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, activation of key macrophage antimicrobial and reparative responses within the airspace is addressed, also data illuminating the central role of PPAR-γ in the regulation of critical aspects of lung tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis are summarized. [23]

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Diabetes

The three PPAR subtypes, alpha, gamma, and delta, have distinct expression patterns and regulate glucose homeostasis based on the need of a specific tissue. Although PPAR alpha potentiates FA catabolism in the liver and is the molecular target of the lipid-lowering fibrates, PPAR-gamma is essential for adipocyte differentiation and hypertrophy, and mediates the activity of the insulin-sensitizing TZDs. PPAR-delta may be important in regulating body weight and lipid metabolism in fat tissues. [37]

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Pain

Synthetic PPAR-α receptor agonists produce broad-spectrum analgesia in a dose-dependent manner.[38] It was recently reported that supraspinal (intracerebroventricular) administration of PPAR-α ligands (perfluorooctanoic acid) reduced peripheral edema and/or inflammatory hyperalgesia [25],[39],[40] and that intrathecal administration of PPARγ ligands, rosiglitazone and 15d-PGJ2, reduced behavioral signs of neuropathic pain.[41] It was recently reported that systemic administration of pioglitazone reduced behavioral signs of neuropathic pain, raising the possibility that this FDA-approved drug can be effective as an analgesic agent. [42]


   Conclusion Top


PPAR are involved in various independent and DNA-dependent molecular and enzymatic pathways in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscles. These pathways are affected in disease condition and cause the metabolic energy imbalance. Thus, intervention of PPAR can provide therapeutic targets for plethora of diseases such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, inflammation, neurodegenerative disorder, and cancer. Finally, evidence that PPARs may be interesting therapeutic targets to modulate obesity-induced inflammation is reviewed. Since its inception, a little over three years ago, PPAR Research has become a vibrant forum showcasing global effort in this ever-expanding field of research. Then, there is a series of reviews focusing on the potentially beneficial effects of PPAR agonists on the various diseases. Examining the contents of these special issues reveals an intense interest in exploring new physiological roles of the PPARs and in the identification of new and improved PPAR agonist drugs.


   Acknowledgments Top


The authors are thankful to R. D. Budhiraja (director administration) ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab for encouragement and valuable advice.

 
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13 Long-Term Effects of Very Low Dose Particle Radiation on Gene Expression in the Heart: Degenerative Disease Risks
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17 Nuclear Receptors in Asthma: Empowering Classical Molecules Against a Contemporary Ailment
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25 Harnessing the Benefits of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease
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26 Diet and PPARG2 Pro12Ala Polymorphism Interactions in Relation to Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review
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33 Phytosterols of marine algae: Insights into the potential health benefits and molecular pharmacology
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63 Effects of Casein, Chicken, and Pork Proteins on the Regulation of Body Fat and Blood Inflammatory Factors and Metabolite Patterns Are Largely Dependent on the Protein Level and Less Attributable to the Protein Source
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64 Integrated anti-hyperlipidemic bioactivity of whole Citrus grandis [L.] osbeck fruits—multi-action mechanism evidenced using animal and cell models
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67 Regulation of the MIE Locus During HCMV Latency and Reactivation
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Anti-Diabetic Effect of Telmisartan Through its Partial PPAR?-Agonistic Activity
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72 Is There a Future for PPARs in the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders?
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73 RvE1 treatment prevents memory loss and neuroinflammation in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome
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75 The meaning of non-classical estrogen receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor for boar Leydig cell of immature testis
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76 Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Genus Gynura: A Systematic Review
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77 Role of PPARs in Progression of Anxiety: Literature Analysis and Signaling Pathways Reconstruction
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78 Marine Algae Polysaccharides - a Promising Means of Pathogenetic Therapy of Infectious Diarrhea
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80 Multisystemic alterations in humans induced by bisphenol A and phthalates: experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies reveal the need to change health policies
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81 Dexmedetomidine inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?) activation following binding to a2 adrenoceptors
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83 Fatty acid-binding protein 5 limits ILC2-mediated allergic lung inflammation in a murine asthma model
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88 Neuroprotection Following Concussion: The Potential Role for Cannabidiol
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89 Regulation of the germinal center response by nuclear receptors and implications for autoimmune diseases
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92 Targeting cancer stem cell pathways for cancer therapy
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98 Dysregulation of Ephrin receptor and PPAR signaling pathways in neural progenitor cells infected by Zika virus
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100 Sleep Disruption and Duration are Associated with Variants in Genes Involved in Energy Homeostasis in Adults with HIV/AIDS
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101 Fatty Acid Synthase: An Emerging Target in Cancer
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102 Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 Is Required for Granuloma Progression
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103 Plant polyphenols mechanisms of action on insulin resistance and against the loss of pancreatic beta cells
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Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2020; : 1
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104 Evaluation of burst release and sustained release of pioglitazone-loaded fibrous mats on diabetic wound healing: an in vitro and in vivo comparison study
Muhammet Emin Cam,Sila Yildiz,Hussain Alenezi,Sumeyye Cesur,Gul Sinemcan Ozcan,Gokce Erdemir,Ursula Edirisinghe,Dilek Akakin,Durdane Serap Kuruca,Levent Kabasakal,Oguzhan Gunduz,Mohan Edirisinghe
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105 Free Fatty Acids and Their Inflammatory Derivatives Affect BDNF in Stroke Patients
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106 Nuclear receptors in the kidney during health and disease
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107 The Effects of Brown Algae-Derived Monosaccharide L-Fucose on Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6J Obese Mice
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108 Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and pioglitazone for its therapy: a comprehensive review with an emphasis on the molecular pathogenesis and pharmacological aspects
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Molecular Medicine. 2020; 26(1)
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109 Cold-hearted: A case for cold stress in cancer risk
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110 A 3D Self-Assembled In Vitro Model to Simulate Direct and Indirect Interactions between Adipocytes and Skeletal Muscle Cells
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111 Molecular pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy with antenatal complications
Arthur T. Kopylov,Olga Papysheva,Iveta Gribova,Galina Kotaysch,Lubov Kharitonova,Tatiana Mayatskaya,Ekaterina Sokerina,Anna L. Kaysheva,Sergey G. Morozov
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112

Gut Microbiota, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Qiang Yu,Liwei Wu,Jie Ji,Jiao Feng,Weiqi Dai,Jingjing Li,Jianye Wu,Chuanyong Guo
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113 Identification of PPAR-activating compounds in herbal and edible plants and fungi from Vietnam
Long Pham Ngoc,Hai-yen Man,Harry Besselink,Ha Dang Thi Cam,Abraham Brouwer,Bart van der Burg
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114 Arylierungschemie für die Biokonjugation
Chi Zhang,Ekaterina V. Vinogradova,Alexander M. Spokoyny,Stephen L. Buchwald,Bradley L. Pentelute
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115 Alterations in tissue microRNA after heat stress in the conscious rat: potential biomarkers of organ-specific injury
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116 Molecular determinants as therapeutic targets in cancer chemotherapy: An update
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Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2019;
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117 PPAR-d and erucic acid in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimeræs Disease. Likely benefits in terms of immunity and metabolism
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International Immunopharmacology. 2019; 69: 245
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118 Neuroprotection mediated by the Wnt/Frizzled signaling pathway in early brain injury induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage
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119 Nifedipine Modulates Renal Lipogenesis via the AMPK-SREBP Transcriptional Pathway
Yen-Chung Lin,Mai-Szu Wu,Yuh-Feng Lin,Chang-Rong Chen,Chang-Yu Chen,Chang-Jui Chen,Che-Chou Shen,Kuan-Chou Chen,Chiung-Chi Peng
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(7): 1570
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120 Identification of a metallothionein gene in honey bee Apis mellifera and its expression profile in response to Cd, Cu and Pb exposure
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121 Urinary concentrations of phthalate biomarkers and weight change among postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study
Mary V. Díaz Santana,Susan E. Hankinson,Carol Bigelow,Susan R. Sturgeon,R. Thomas Zoeller,Lesley Tinker,Jo Ann E. Manson,Antonia M. Calafat,Jaymie R. Meliker,Katherine W. Reeves
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122 Global Gene Networks in 3D4/31 Porcine Alveolar Macrophages Treated with Antigenic Epitopes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIA, IIA, and IVA
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123 Lipotoxicity and ß Cell Maintenance in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Risheng Ye,Toshiharu Onodera,Philipp E Scherer
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124 Fine particles cause the abnormality of cardiac ATP levels via PPAR?-mediated utilization of fatty acid and glucose using in vivo and in vitro models
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125 Arylation Chemistry for Bioconjugation
Chi Zhang,Ekaterina V. Vinogradova,Alexander M. Spokoyny,Stephen L. Buchwald,Bradley L. Pentelute
Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2019; 58(15): 4810
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126 PPAR-? Activation Exerts an Anti-inflammatory Effect by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Spinal Cord-Derived Neurons
Qing-Qi Meng,Zhen-Cheng Feng,Xing-Liang Zhang,Li-Qiong Hu,Min Wang,Hai-Feng Zhang,Si-Ming Li
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127 Fenofibrate induces PPARa and BMP2 expression to stimulate osteoblast differentiation
Yu-Ha Kim,Won-Gu Jang,Sin-Hye Oh,Jung-Woo Kim,Mi Nam Lee,Ju Han Song,Jin-Woo Yang,Yaran Zang,Jeong-Tae Koh
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128 TNBG-5602, a novel derivative of quinoxaline, inhibits liver cancer growth via upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? in vitro and in vivo
Xuelian Hu,Chunmei Wan,Zongjie Gan,Rongxing Liu,Yongjie Chen,Jing Wang,Linling Gan,Yuhang Chen,Yingbo Li,Baicheng He,Yu Yu
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129 TGF ß-1 and WNT Signaling Pathways Collaboration Associated with Cochlear Implantation Trauma-Induced Fibrosis
Esperanza Bas,Mir R. Anwar,Thomas R. Van De Water
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130 Lycopene inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and modulates cellular lipid storage and signaling
Monique de Barros Elias,Felipe Leite Oliveira,Fatima Costa Rodrigues Guma,Renata Brum Martucci,Radovan Borojevic,Anderson Junger Teodoro
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131 Endothelial PPAR? Is Crucial for Averting Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction by Stalling Oxidative Stress and ROCK
Md. Sahab Uddin,Md. Tanvir Kabir,Md. Jakaria,Abdullah Al Mamun,Kamal Niaz,Md. Shah Amran,George E. Barreto,Ghulam Md Ashraf
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132 PPAR gamma agonist, pioglitazone, rescues liver damage induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
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133 Hippocampal PPARa is involved in the antidepressant-like effects of venlafaxine in mice
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134 Epigenetic Effects of n-3 LCPUFAs: A Role in Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome
Han Sang Amatruda,Han Sang Ippolito,Han Sang Vizzuso,Han Sang Vizzari,Han Sang Banderali,Han Sang Verduci
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135 Drug Development for the Therapy of Mitochondrial Diseases
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136 The effects of oleoylethanolamide, an endogenous PPAR-a agonist, on risk factors for NAFLD: A systematic review
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137 The Role of Heme Oxygenase 1 in the Protective Effect of Caloric Restriction against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Maayan Waldman,Vadim Nudelman,Asher Shainberg,Romy Zemel,Ran Kornwoski,Dan Aravot,Stephen J. Peterson,Michael Arad,Edith Hochhauser
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138 PPAR?: Potential Therapeutic Target for Ailments Beyond Diabetes and its Natural Agonism
Sana Shafi,Pawan Gupta,Gopal Lal Khatik,Jeena Gupta
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139 Lead Optimization Resources in Drug Discovery for Diabetes
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140 Polyphenols for diabetes associated neuropathy: Pharmacological targets and clinical perspective
Rozita Naseri,Fatemeh Farzaei,Sajad Fakhri,Fardous F. El-Senduny,Miram Altouhamy,Roodabeh Bahramsoltani,Farnaz Ebrahimi,Roja Rahimi,Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
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141 Rational Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Neuroprotective Evaluation of Novel Glitazones for PGC-1a Activation via PPAR-?: a New Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Disorders
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142 Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels
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143 Pioglitazone-loaded three-dimensional composite polymeric scaffolds: a proof of concept study in wounded diabetic rats
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144 Reversal of NASH fibrosis with pharmacotherapy
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145 PPAR? Agonistic Activity of Sulphonylureas
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146 The fate of medium-chain fatty acids in very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD): A matter of sex?
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147 A Dietary Pattern Derived from Reduced Rank Regression and Fatty Acid Biomarkers Is Associated with Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease in Chinese Adults
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148 Identification of Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) as a Prognostic Factor in Lower-Grade Gliomas
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149 PPAR-? signalling as a key mediator of human hair follicle physiology and pathology
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150 WY-14643 Regulates CYP1B1 Expression through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor a-Mediated Signaling in Human Breast Cancer Cells
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151 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their agonists in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
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152 Glucokinase activation as antidiabetic therapy: effect of nutraceuticals and phytochemicals on glucokinase gene expression and enzymatic activity
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153 Aerobic training induces differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissues
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154 Prenatal androgen excess alters the uterine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) system
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155 The ameliorative effect of angiotensin 1-7 on experimentally induced-preeclampsia in rats: Targeting the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma expression & asymmetric dimethylarginine
Mervat H. El-Saka,Nermin M. Madi,Rowida Raafat Ibrahim,Ghada Mahmoud Alghazaly,Shereef Elshwaikh,Manal El-Bermawy
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156 Alterations in protein expression patterns of spinal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors after spinal cord injury
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157 A Review of Various Antioxidant Compounds and their Potential Utility as Complementary Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis
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158 Astaxanthin as a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) Modulator: Its Therapeutic Implications
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159 Fibrates as drugs with senolytic and autophagic activity for osteoarthritis therapy
Uxía Nogueira-Recalde,Irene Lorenzo-Gómez,Francisco J. Blanco,María I. Loza,Diego Grassi,Valery Shirinsky,Ivan Shirinsky,Martin Lotz,Paul D. Robbins,Eduardo Domínguez,Beatriz Caramés
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160 Xiexin Tang ameliorates dyslipidemia in high-fat diet-induced obese rats via elevating gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids production and adjusting energy metabolism
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161 Crosstalk between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors andToll-Like Receptors: A Systematic Review
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162 Activity and molecular targets of pioglitazone via blockade of proliferation, invasiveness and bioenergetics in human NSCLC
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163 Peroxisomes and Oxidative Stress: Their Implications in the Modulation of Cellular Immunity During Mycobacterial Infection
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164 Impacts of cannabinoid epigenetics on human development: reflections on Murphy et. al. ‘cannabinoid exposure and altered DNA methylation in rat and human sperm’ epigenetics 2018; 13: 1208-1221.
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165 Kynurenic acid attenuates pro-inflammatory reactions in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated endothelial cells through the PPARd/HO-1-dependent pathway
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166 From Pre-Diabetes to Diabetes: Diagnosis, Treatments and Translational Research
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167 Rosiglitazone increases expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and progesterone production through PPAR?–EGFR–ERK1/2 in human cumulus granulosa cells
Kristina Pogrmic-Majkic,Gordana Kosanin,Dragana Samardzija Nenadov,Svetlana Fa,Bojana Stanic,Aleksandra Trninic Pjevic,Nebojsa Andric
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168 Hepatitis C virus core protein modulates several signaling pathways involved in hepatocellular carcinoma
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169 Hesperidin regresses cardiac hypertrophy by virtue of PPAR-? agonistic, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant properties
Poorva Bhargava,Vipin Kumar Verma,Salma Malik,Sana Irfan Khan,Jagriti Bhatia,Dharamvir Singh Arya
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. 2019; : e22283
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170 Interactions between Host PPARs and Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease
Arif Hasan,Asadur Rahman,Hiroyuki Kobori
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171 Role of PPAR receptor in different diseases and their ligands: Physiological importance and clinical implications
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172 Pulmonary vascular disease is evident in gene regulation of experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Cecilie Revhaug,Magdalena Zasada,Anne Gro W. Rognlien,Clara-Cecilie Günther,Agnieszka Grabowska,Teofila Ksiazek,Anna Madetko-Talowska,Katarzyna Szewczyk,Mirolaw Bik-Multanowski,Przemko Kwinta,Jacek J. Pietrzyk,Lars O. Baumbusch,Ola D. Saugstad
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173 A locked immunometabolic switch underlies TREM2 R47H loss of function in human iPSC-derived microglia
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174 Gene co-regulation and co-expression in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated transcriptional regulatory network in the mouse liver
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175 PPAR-? agonist, pioglitazone, reduced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress associated with L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats
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176 Amelioration of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation by Saroglitazar, A Dual PPARa/? Agonist in MES Induced Epileptic Rats
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177 TGF-ß in fibrosis by acting as a conductor for contractile properties of myofibroblasts
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178 Remyelination pharmacotherapy investigations highlight diverse mechanisms underlying multiple sclerosis progression
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179 Tumor necrosis factor alpha mediates orofacial discomfort in an occlusal dental interference model in rats: The role of trigeminal ganglion inflammation
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180 Peroxisomes and cancer: The role of a metabolic specialist in a disease of aberrant metabolism
Michael S. Dahabieh,Erminia Di Pietro,Maïka Jangal,Christophe Goncalves,Michael Witcher,Nancy E. Braverman,Sonia V. del Rincón
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181 Synthesis and evaluation of an orally available “Y”-shaped biaryl peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor d agonist
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182 Comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles provides insight into the pathogenesis of Crohnæs disease
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183 Integrating Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Hypothalamic Control of Metabolism: Crosstalk Between Nuclear Receptors
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184 A Systems Biology Approach to Understanding the Pathophysiology of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Focus on Iron and Fatty Acid Metabolism
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185 Ginsenoside Rf inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 induction via peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma in A549 cells
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186 Effects of Resveratrol and Mangiferin on PPAR? and FALDH Gene Expressions in Adipose Tissue of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetes in Rats
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187 Cancer; an induced disease of twentieth century! Induction of tolerance, increased entropy and ‘Dark Energy’: loss of biorhythms (Anabolism v. Catabolism)
Mahin Khatami
Clinical and Translational Medicine. 2018; 7(1)
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188 Biotinylated PAMAM G3 dendrimer conjugated with celecoxib and/or Fmoc-l-Leucine and its cytotoxicity for normal and cancer human cell lines
Lukasz Uram,Aleksandra Filipowicz,Maria Misiorek,Natalia Pienkowska,Joanna Markowicz,Elzbieta Walajtys-Rode,Stanislaw Wolowiec
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018; 124: 1
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189 Phytol: A review of biomedical activities
Muhammad Torequl Islam,Eunüs S. Ali,Shaikh J. Uddin,Subrata Shaw,Md Amirul Islam,Md Iqbal Ahmed,Manik Chandra Shill,Utpal Kumar Karmakar,Nagendra Sastry Yarla,Ishaq N. Khan,Md Morsaline Billah,Magdalena D. Pieczynska,Gokhan Zengin,Clemens Malainer,Ferdinando Nicoletti,Diana Gulei,Ioana Berindan-Neagoe,Apostol Apostolov,Maciej Banach,Andy W.K. Yeung,Amr El-Demerdash,Jianbo Xiao,Prasanta Dey,Santosh Yele,Artur Józwik,Nina Strzalkowska,Joanna Marchewka,Kannan R.R. Rengasamy,Jaroslaw Horbanczuk,Mohammad Amjad Kamal,Mohammad S. Mubarak,Siddhartha K. Mishra,Jamil A. Shilpi,Atanas G. Atanasov
Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2018;
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190 Suppressive Effect of 4-Hydroxy-2-(4-Hydroxyphenethyl) Isoindoline-1,3-Dione on Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma
Jin Huang,Mingzhi Su,Bo-Kyung Lee,Mee-Jeong Kim,Jee H. Jung,Dong-Soon Im
Biomolecules & Therapeutics. 2018; 26(6): 539
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191 PPARs: Key Regulators of Airway Inflammation and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Asthma
Asoka Banno,Aravind T. Reddy,Sowmya P. Lakshmi,Raju C. Reddy
Nuclear Receptor Research. 2018; 5
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192 Neuronal Lipid Metabolism: Multiple Pathways Driving Functional Outcomes in Health and Disease
Timothy J. Tracey,Frederik J. Steyn,Ernst J. Wolvetang,Shyuan T. Ngo
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 2018; 11
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193 Saroglitazar reduces obesity and associated inflammatory consequences in murine adipose tissue
Durgesh Kumar,Umesh Kumar Goand,Sanchita Gupta,Kripa Shankar,Salil Varshney,Sujith Rajan,Ankita Srivastava,Abhishek Gupta,Achchhe Lal Vishwakarma,Anurag Kumar Srivastava,Anil N Gaikwad
European Journal of Pharmacology. 2018;
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194 Research Advances in the Correlation between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-? and Digestive Cancers
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PPAR Research. 2018; 2018: 1
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195 Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a therapeutic target. Part 1: molecular targets and pathways
Dongdong Wang,Pavel Uhrin,Andrei Mocan,Birgit Waltenberger,Johannes M. Breuss,Devesh Tewari,Judit Mihaly-Bison,Lukasz Huminiecki,Rafal R. Starzynski,Nikolay T. Tzvetkov,Jaroslaw Horbanczuk,Atanas G. Atanasov
Biotechnology Advances. 2018;
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196 Supplementation with Resveratrol and Curcumin Does Not Affect the Inflammatory Response to a High-Fat Meal in Older Adults with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial
Cécile Vors,Charles Couillard,Marie-Eve Paradis,Iris Gigleux,Johanne Marin,Marie-Claude Vohl,Patrick Couture,Benoît Lamarche
The Journal of Nutrition. 2018; 148(3): 379
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197 Pivotal Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and Their Signal Cascade for Cellular and Whole-Body Energy Homeostasis
Shreekrishna Lamichane,Babita Dahal Lamichane,Sang-Mo Kwon
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(4): 949
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198 Inhibitory Effects of a Novel PPAR-? Agonist MEKT1 on Pomc Expression/ACTH Secretion in AtT20 Cells
Rehana Parvin,Erika Noro,Akiko Saito-Hakoda,Hiroki Shimada,Susumu Suzuki,Kyoko Shimizu,Hiroyuki Miyachi,Atsushi Yokoyama,Akira Sugawara
PPAR Research. 2018; 2018: 1
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199 The Role of PPAR and Its Cross-Talk with CAR and LXR in Obesity and Atherosclerosis
Pengfei Xu,Yonggong Zhai,Jing Wang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(4): 1260
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200 Heme oxygenase-1 induction by rosiglitazone via PKCa/AMPKa/p38 MAPKa/SIRT1/PPAR? pathway suppresses lipopolysaccharide-mediated pulmonary inflammation
Rou-Ling Cho,Wei-Ning Lin,Chen-yu Wang,Chien-Chung Yang,Li-Der Hsiao,Chih-Chung Lin,Chuen-Mao Yang
Biochemical Pharmacology. 2018;
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201 H 2 S induces Th1/Th2 imbalance with triggered NF-?B pathway to exacerbate LPS-induce chicken pneumonia response
Wei Wang,Menghao Chen,Xi Jin,Xiaojing Li,Zijiang Yang,Hongjin Lin,Shiwen Xu
Chemosphere. 2018; 208: 241
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202 Tetrabromobisphenol-A Promotes Early Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells
Vesna A Chappell,Amanda Janesick,Bruce Blumberg,Suzanne E Fenton
Toxicological Sciences. 2018;
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203 Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Agonists Modulate Transposable Element Expression in Brain and Liver
Laura B. Ferguson,Lingling Zhang,Shi Wang,Courtney Bridges,R. Adron Harris,Igor Ponomarev
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 2018; 11
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204 Structure-Based Stepwise Screening of PPAR? Antagonists as Potential Competitors with NCOA1 Coactivator Peptide for PPAR? CIS Site
Yi Shen,Hongbo Chi,Jinhu Zhou,Lifei Luo,Qian Tu,Cancan Qi,Zuhua Gao
International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. 2018;
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205 Identification and Molecular Characterization of PPARd as a Novel Target for Covalent Modification by 15-deoxy-?12, 14-prostaglandin J2
Aravind T Reddy,Sowmya P Lakshmi,Asoka Banno,Raju C. Reddy
ACS Chemical Biology. 2018;
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206 Comparative Genome-Wide Survey of Single Nucleotide Variation Uncovers the Genetic Diversity and Potential Biomedical Applications among Six Macaca Species
Jing Li,Zhenxin Fan,Tianlin Sun,Changjun Peng,Bisong Yue,Jing Li
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(10): 3123
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207 The nuclear receptor superfamily: A structural perspective
Emily R. Weikum,Xu Liu,Eric A. Ortlund
Protein Science. 2018; 27(11): 1876
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208 Pioglitazone Reduces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Two Rodent Models of Cirrhosis
Shen Li,Sarani Ghoshal,Mozhdeh Sojoodi,Gunisha Arora,Ricard Masia,Derek J. Erstad,Michael Lanuti,Yujin Hoshida,Thomas F. Baumert,Kenneth K. Tanabe,Bryan C. Fuchs
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2018;
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209 Biological Evaluation of Different Extracts of Aerial Parts of Nepeta deflersiana and Standardization of Active Extracts Using 8-Epi-7-Deoxyloganic Acid and Ursolic Acid by Validated HPTLC Method
Raha Orfali,Nasir Ali Siddiqui,Perwez Alam,Tawfeq Abdullah Alhowiriny,Areej Mohammad Al-Taweel,Sami Al-Yahya,Najwa Mohammed Majrashi,Rashad Mehmood,Shabana Iqrar Khan,Shagufta Perveen
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2018; 2018: 1
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210 Integrative Transcriptomic and microRNAomic Profiling Reveals Immune Mechanism for the Resilience to Soybean Meal Stress in Fish Gut and Liver
Nan Wu,Biao Wang,Zheng-Wei Cui,Xiang-Yang Zhang,Ying-Yin Cheng,Xuan Xu,Xian-Mei Li,Zhao-Xi Wang,Dan-Dan Chen,Yong-An Zhang
Frontiers in Physiology. 2018; 9
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211 Profiling Cellular Processes in Adipose Tissue during Weight Loss Using Time Series Gene Expression
Samar Tareen,Michiel Adriaens,Ilja Arts,Theo de Kok,Roel Vink,Nadia Roumans,Marleen van Baak,Edwin Mariman,Chris Evelo,Martina Kutmon
Genes. 2018; 9(11): 525
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212 Pre, peri and posttransplant diabetes mellitus
Basset El Essawy,Fouad Kandeel
Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 2018; : 1
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213 Chlorogenic Acid Functions as a Novel Agonist of PPAR?2 during the Differentiation of Mouse 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes
Shu-guang Peng,Yi-lin Pang,Qi Zhu,Jing-he Kang,Ming-xin Liu,Zheng Wang
BioMed Research International. 2018; 2018: 1
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214 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor a Agonist and Its Target Nanog Cooperate to Induce Pluripotency
Jungwoon Lee,Jinhyuk Lee,Yee Cho
Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 7(12): 488
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215 Effect of supplementing chromium histidinate and picolinate complexes along with biotin on insulin sensitivity and related metabolic indices in rats fed a high-fat diet
Cemal Orhan,Osman Kucuk,Mehmet Tuzcu,Nurhan Sahin,James R. Komorowski,Kazim Sahin
Food Science & Nutrition. 2018;
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216 Exercise Training-Induced Changes in MicroRNAs: Beneficial Regulatory Effects in Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, and Obesity
Alex Improta Caria,Carolina Nonaka,Ciro Pereira,Milena Soares,Simone Macambira,Bruno Souza
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(11): 3608
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217 Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Novel Series of Indole Sulfonamide Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) a/?/d Triple Activators: Discovery of Lanifibranor, a New Antifibrotic Clinical Candidate
Benaïssa Boubia,Olivia Poupardin,Martine Barth,Jean Binet,Philippe Peralba,Laurent Mounier,Elise Jacquier,Emilie Gauthier,Valérie Lepais,Maryline Chatar,Stéphanie Ferry,Anne Thourigny,Fabrice Guillier,Jonathan Llacer,Jérome Amaudrut,Pierre Dodey,Olivier Lacombe,Philippe Masson,Christian Montalbetti,Guillaume Wettstein,Jean-Michel Luccarini,Christiane Legendre,Jean-Louis Junien,Pierre Broqua
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2018;
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218 Time-dependent therapeutic roles of nitazoxanide on high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats: effects on hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma receptors
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Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2017; : 1
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219 Statin therapy causes gut dysbiosis in mice through a PXR-dependent mechanism
Jose A. Caparrós-Martín,Ricky R. Lareu,Joshua P. Ramsay,Jörg Peplies,F. Jerry Reen,Henrietta A. Headlam,Natalie C. Ward,Kevin D. Croft,Philip Newsholme,Jeffery D. Hughes,Fergal O’Gara
Microbiome. 2017; 5(1)
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220 Comparative genome-wide methylation analysis of longissimus dorsi muscles between Japanese black (Wagyu) and Chinese Red Steppes cattle
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PLOS ONE. 2017; 12(8): e0182492
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221 Treatment Strategies for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
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Clinics in Liver Disease. 2017;
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222 Increased hepatic mitochondrial FA oxidation reduces plasma and liver TG levels and is associated with regulation of UCPs and APOC-III in rats
Carine Lindquist,Bodil Bjørndal,Christine Renate Rossmann,Deusdedit Tusubira,Asbjørn Svardal,Gro Vatne Røsland,Karl Johan Tronstad,Seth Hallström,Rolf Kristian Berge
Journal of Lipid Research. 2017; 58(7): 1362
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223 Association Between Plasma N-Acylethanolamides and High Hemoglobin Concentration in Southern Peruvian Highlanders
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High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 2017;
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224 Adiponectin regulates AQP3 via PPARa in human hepatic stellate cells
Matteo Tardelli,Thierry Claudel,Francesca V. Bruschi,Veronica Moreno-Viedma,Michael Trauner
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2017; 490(1): 51
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225 CBMG, a novel derivative of mansonone G suppresses adipocyte differentiation via suppression of PPAR? activity
Hyo Kyeong Kim,Rita Hairani,Hana Jeong,Mi Gyeong Jeong,Warinthorn Chavasiri,Eun Sook Hwang
Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2017; 273: 160
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226 Identification and comparative analysis of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata hemocytes microRNAs in response to Vibrio alginolyticus infection
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Genes & Genomics. 2017;
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227 KRAS mutant colorectal cancer gene signatures identified angiotensin II receptor blockers as potential therapies
Qing Wen,Philip D. Dunne,Paul G. O’Reilly,Gerald Li,Anthony J. Bjourson,Darragh G. McArt,Peter W. Hamilton,Shu-Dong Zhang
Oncotarget. 2017; 8(2): 3206
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228 Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha promote glutamate transporter-1 endocytosis in astrocytes
Hui-Ting Huang,Chih-Kai Liao,Wen-Tai Chiu,Shun-Fen Tzeng
The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 2017; 86: 42
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229 Signaling pathways linking inflammation to insulin resistance
Hamid Zand,Nava Morshedzadeh,Farnush Naghashian
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2017;
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230 The mechanism of skin lipids influencing skin status
Yan Jia,Yao Gan,Congfen He,Zhou Chen,Cheng Zhou
Journal of Dermatological Science. 2017;
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231 Combination of Classifiers Identifies Fungal-Specific Activation of Lysosome Genes in Human Monocytes
João P. Leonor Fernandes Saraiva,Cristina Zubiria-Barrera,Tilman E. Klassert,Maximilian J. Lautenbach,Markus Blaess,Ralf A. Claus,Hortense Slevogt,Rainer König
Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017; 8
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232 A systems perspective on brown adipogenesis and metabolic activation
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233 Influence of energy exchange genes on lipid metabolism during pregnancy complicated by the development of fetal growth restriction
S. A. Azhibekov,N. V. Putilova,T. B. Tretyakova,L. A. Pestryaeva
Rossiiskii vestnik akushera-ginekologa. 2017; 17(6): 9
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234 Host-mediated effects of phytonutrients in ruminants: A review
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235 Thermodynamics in cancers: opposing interactions between PPAR gamma and the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway
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Clinical and Translational Medicine. 2017; 6(1)
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236 Dose-dependent effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ß/d agonist on systemic inflammation after haemorrhagic shock
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Cytokine. 2017;
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237 Bazedoxifene and raloxifene protect neocortical neurons undergoing hypoxia via targeting ERa and PPAR-?
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Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 2017;
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238 RXR Ligands Negatively Regulate Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Amanda J. Unsworth,Gagan D. Flora,Parvathy Sasikumar,Alexander P. Bye,Tanya Sage,Neline Kriek,Marilena Crescente,Jonathan M. Gibbins
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2017; 37(5): 812
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239 Integrative Comparison of mRNA Expression Patterns in Breast Cancers from Caucasian and Asian Americans with Implications for Precision Medicine
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Cancer Research. 2017; 77(2): 423
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240 Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment
Manoj K. Pandey,Subash C. Gupta,Ali Nabavizadeh,Bharat B. Aggarwal
Seminars in Cancer Biology. 2017;
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241 Integrated in silico–in vitro screening of ovarian cancer peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? agonists against a biogenic compound library
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242 Bacaba phenolic extract attenuates adipogenesis by down-regulating PPAR? and C/EBPa in 3T3-L1 cells
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243 Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma on Brain and Peripheral Inflammation
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Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 2017;
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244 Relationship Between Circulating Fatty Acids and Fatty Acid Ethanolamide Levels After a Single 2-h Dietary Fat Feeding in Male Sprague–Dawley Rats
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Lipids. 2017;
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245 The Myofibroblast: TGFß-1, A Conductor which Plays a Key Role in Fibrosis by Regulating the Balance between PPAR? and the Canonical WNT Pathway
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Nuclear Receptor Research. 2017; 4
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246 Understanding mitochondrial biogenesis through energy sensing pathways and its translation in cardio-metabolic health
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Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2017; : 1
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247 Rational screening of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? agonists from natural products: potential therapeutics for heart failure
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Pharmaceutical Biology. 2017; 55(1): 503
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248 Molecular factors involved in the hypolipidemic- and insulin-sensitizing effects of a ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extract in rats fed a high-fat diet
Natalia de las Heras,María Valero-Muñoz,Beatriz Martín-Fernández,Sandra Ballesteros,Antonio López-Farré,Baltasar Ruiz-Roso,Vicente Lahera
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2017; 42(2): 209
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249 Linking cortisol response with gene expression in fish exposed to gold nanoparticles
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Science of The Total Environment. 2017;
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250 Design, synthesis, molecular modeling and anti-hyperglycemic evaluation of novel quinoxaline derivatives as potential PPAR? and SUR agonists
Mohammed K. Ibrahim,Ibrahim H. Eissa,Abdallah E. Abdallah,Ahmed M. Metwaly,M.M. Radwan,M.A. ElSohly
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 2017; 25(4): 1496
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251 Altered Pathway Analyzer: A gene expression dataset analysis tool for identification and prioritization of differentially regulated and network rewired pathways
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Scientific Reports. 2017; 7: 40450
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252 Of mice and humans through the looking glass: “Reflections” on epigenetics of lipid metabolism
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Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 2017;
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253 Implications of dietary ?-3 and ?-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast cancer (Review)
Oana Zanoaga,Ancuta Jurj,Lajos Raduly,Roxana Cojocneanu-Petric,Enrique Fuentes-Mattei,Oscar Wu,Cornelia Braicu,Claudia Gherman,Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2017;
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254 Transcriptome Analysis of Three Sheep Intestinal Regions reveals Key Pathways and Hub Regulatory Genes of Large Intestinal Lipid Metabolism
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255 Selenium supplementation through Se-rich dietary matrices can upregulate the anti-inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages
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256 Topically administered rhGM-CSF affects PPARß expression in the stasis zone
Gen-Feng Fu,She-Min Tian,Xin-Jian Cha,Hong-Jun Huang,Ji-He Lou,Ying Wei,Cheng-De Xia,Yong-Lin Li,Xi-Hua Niu
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 2017;
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257 Screening and functional analysis of differentially expressed genes in chronic glomerulonephritis by whole genome microarray
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Gene. 2016; 589(1): 72
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258 The Ticking of the Epigenetic Clock: Antipsychotic Drugs in Old Age
Adonis Sfera,Carolina Osorio,Luzmin Inderias,Michael Cummings
Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2016; 7
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259 Evidence that activation of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa) modulates sleep homeostasis in rats
Eric Murillo-Rodríguez,Khalil Guzmán,Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval,Mireille Salas-Crisóstomo,Ramsés Jiménez-Moreno,Oscar Arias-Carrión
Brain Research Bulletin. 2016;
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260 The increasingly complex regulation of adipocyte differentiation
Sylvia P Poulos,Michael V Dodson,Melinda F Culver,Gary J Hausman
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261 Pentoxifylline ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in hyperglycaemic and dyslipidaemic mice by upregulating fatty acid ß-oxidation
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Scientific Reports. 2016; 6: 33102
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262 Nutrigenomics and Beef Quality: A Review about Lipogenesis
Marcio Ladeira,Jon Schoonmaker,Mateus Gionbelli,Júlio Dias,Tathyane Gionbelli,José Carvalho,Priscilla Teixeira
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(6): 918
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263 Neurokinin-1 receptor inhibition reverses ischaemic brain injury and dementia in bilateral common carotid artery occluded rats: possible mechanisms
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Inflammopharmacology. 2016; 24(4): 133
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264 Low serum vitamin D-status, air pollution and obesity: A dangerous liaison
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265 Endocrine and metabolic impacts of warming aquatic habitats: differential responses between recently isolated populations of a eurythermal desert pupfish
Sean C. Lema,Michelle I. Chow,Emily J. Resner,Alex A. Westman,Darran May,Andrew H. Dittman,Kristin M. Hardy
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266 PPAR Gamma in Neuroblastoma: The Translational Perspectives of Hypoglycemic Drugs
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PPAR Research. 2016; 2016: 1
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267 Use of retinoic acid/aldehyde dehydrogenase pathway as potential targeted therapy against cancer stem cells
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268 Effects of tetramethylpyrazine from Chinese black vinegar on antioxidant and hypolipidemia activities in HepG2 cells
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Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2016;
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269 DHA-enriched fish oil upregulates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16INK) expression and downregulates telomerase activity without modulating effects of PPAR? Pro12Ala polymorphism in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Omid Toupchian,Gity Sotoudeh,Anahita Mansoori,Shima Abdollahi,Seyyed Ali Keshavarz,Mahmoud Djalali,Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani,Ehsan Alvandi,Reza Chahardoli,Fariba Koohdani
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270 Mechanisms of Body Weight Reduction by Black Tea Polyphenols
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271 Novel hepatic microRNAs upregulated in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Jarkko Soronen,Hannele Yki-Järvinen,You Zhou,Sanja Sädevirta,Antti-Pekka Sarin,Marja Leivonen,Ksenia Sevastianova,Julia Perttilä,Pirkka-Pekka Laurila,Alexander Sigruener,Gerd Schmitz,Vesa M. Olkkonen
Physiological Reports. 2016; 4(1): e12661
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272 Potential effects of curcumin on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-?in vitroandin vivo
Mohsen Mazidi,Ehsan Karimi,Mohsen Meydani,Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan,Gordon A Ferns
World Journal of Methodology. 2016; 6(1): 112
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273 Instant rice made from white and pigmented giant embryonic rice reduces lipid levels and body weight in high fat diet-fed mice
Soo Im Chung,Catherine W. Rico,Sang Chul Lee,Mi Young Kang
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice. 2016;
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274 A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF EFFECT OF TELMISARTAN (ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKER) ON METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Somesekhar V,Rajendra Prasad R,Swami K. S. R
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare. 2016; 3(34): 1635
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275 EFFECT OF IRBESARTAN ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN OVERWEIGHT HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Balachandra Rao Naidu M,Ch. Ratna Kumar,Kiranmai Kiranmai
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare. 2016; 3(52): 2668
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276 Nanofiber scaffolds influence organelle structure and function in bone marrow stromal cells
Wojtek Tutak,Giri Jyotsnendu,Peter Bajcsy,Carl G. Simon
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials. 2016; : n/a
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277 Anti-Obesity Effect of Pine Cone (Pinus koraiensis) Supercritical Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Dasom Lee,Minhee Lee,Hyesook Kim,Tuk-Rai Jeong,Hyun-Pil Yang,Heo Seok Hyun,Jeongmin Lee
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. 2016; 45(12): 1701
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278 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR?) in brown trout: Interference of estrogenic and androgenic inputs in primary hepatocytes
Célia Lopes,Tânia Vieira Madureira,Nádia Ferreira,Ivone Pinheiro,L. Filipe C. Castro,Eduardo Rocha
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2016; 46: 328
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279 Marine-sulfated polysaccharides extract of Ulva armoricana green algae exhibits an antimicrobial activity and stimulates cytokine expression by intestinal epithelial cells
Mustapha Berri,Cindy Slugocki,Michel Olivier,Emmanuelle Helloin,Isabelle Jacques,Henri Salmon,Hervé Demais,Matthieu Le Goff,Pi Nyvall Collen
Journal of Applied Phycology. 2016;
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280 Molecular mechanism of lipid-induced cardiac insulin resistance and contractile dysfunction
Yilin Liu,Dietbert Neumann,Jan F.C. Glatz,Joost J.F.P. Luiken
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA). 2016;
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281 Astragaloside IV, a Natural PPAR? Agonist, Reduces Aß Production in Alzheimer’s Disease Through Inhibition of BACE1
Xu Wang,Yue Wang,Jiang-Ping Hu,Song Yu,Bao-Kun Li,Yong Cui,Lu Ren,Li-De Zhang
Molecular Neurobiology. 2016;
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282 Prenatal phthalate exposure: epigenetic changes leading to lifelong impact on steroid formation
D. B. Martinez-Arguelles,V. Papadopoulos
Andrology. 2016; : n/a
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
283 Endocrine Aspects of Environmental “Obesogen” Pollutants
Francesca Nappi,Luigi Barrea,Carolina Di Somma,Maria Savanelli,Giovanna Muscogiuri,Francesco Orio,Silvia Savastano
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(8): 765
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
284 Inhibition of hypoxia-induced cyclooxygenase-2 by Korean Red Ginseng is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Heewon Song,Young Joo Lee
Journal of Ginseng Research. 2016;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
285 Nuclear receptor function in skin health and disease: therapeutic opportunities in the orphan and adopted receptor classes
Kelvin Yin,Aaron G. Smith
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2016;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
286 The role of PPAR?-mediated signalling in skin biology and pathology: new targets and opportunities for clinical dermatology
Yuval Ramot,Arianna Mastrofrancesco,Emanuela Camera,Pierre Desreumaux,Ralf Paus,Mauro Picardo
Experimental Dermatology. 2015; 24(4): 245
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
287 Sleep and neurochemical modulation by the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (PPAR-a) in rat
Stephanie Mijangos-Moreno,Alwin Poot-Aké,Khalil Guzmán,Gloria Arankowsky-Sandoval,Oscar Arias-Carrión,Jaime Zaldívar-Rae,Andrea Sarro-Ramírez,Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
Neuroscience Research. 2015;
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288 Antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids: a cellular mechanism review
Ramachandran Vinayagam,Baojun Xu
Nutrition & Metabolism. 2015; 12(1)
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289 Potential Epigenetic Mechanism in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Chao Sun,Jian-Gao Fan,Liang Qiao
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(3): 5161
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
290 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and PPAR agonists: the ‘future’ in dermatology therapeutics?
Mrinal Gupta,Vikram K. Mahajan,Karaninder S. Mehta,Pushpinder S. Chauhan,Ritu Rawat
Archives of Dermatological Research. 2015; 307(9): 767
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
291 Phosphatidic Acid (PA) can Displace PPARa/LXRa Binding to The EGFR Promoter Causing its Transrepression in Luminal Cancer Cells
Madhu Mahankali,Terry Farkaly,Shimpi Bedi,Heather A. Hostetler,Julian Gomez-Cambronero
Scientific Reports. 2015; 5: 15379
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292 Expression of metabolic sensing receptors in adipose tissues of periparturient dairy cows with differing extent of negative energy balance
P. Friedrichs,H. Sauerwein,K. Huber,L. F. Locher,J. Rehage,U. Meyer,S. Dänicke,B. Kuhla,M. Mielenz
animal. 2015; : 1
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293 Proliferation and fission of peroxisomes — An update
Michael Schrader,Joseph L. Costello,Luis F. Godinho,Afsoon S. Azadi,Markus Islinger
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 2015;
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294 The role of microRNAs in bone remodeling
Dian Jing,Jin Hao,Yu Shen,Ge Tang,Mei-Le Li,Shi-Hu Huang,Zhi-He Zhao
International Journal of Oral Science. 2015; 7(3): 131
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
295 Inactivation of PPARß/d adversely affects satellite cells and reduces postnatal myogenesis
Preeti Chandrashekar,Ravikumar Manickam,Xiaojia Ge,Sabeera Bonala,Craig McFarlane,Mridula Sharma,Walter Wahli,Ravi Kambadur
American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2015; 309(2): E122
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
296 Systemic PPAR? deletion causes severe disturbance in fluid homeostasis in mice
Li Zhou,Alexandra Panasiuk,Maicy Downton,Daqiang Zhao,Baoxue Yang,Zhanjun Jia,Tianxin Yang
Physiological Genomics. 2015; 47(11): 541
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
297 Critical role of PPAR? in water balance
Ningjun Li
Physiological Genomics. 2015; 47(11): 538
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
298 Eicosanoid pathway in colorectal cancer: Recent updates
Sinem Tuncer
World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2015; 21(41): 11748
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
299 Expression of PPAR-? in adipose tissue of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome induced by DHEA
YU-XIA WANG,WEI-JIE ZHU,BAO-GUO XIE
Molecular Medicine Reports. 2014; 9(3): 889
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
300 MicroRNAs as key regulators of xenobiotic biotransformation and drug response
Jennifer Bolleyn,Joery De Kock,Robim Marcelino Rodrigues,Mathieu Vinken,Vera Rogiers,Tamara Vanhaecke
Archives of Toxicology. 2014;
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301 PPARa Activation Can Help Prevent and Treat Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Nataliya Skrypnyk,Xiwu Chen,Wen Hu,Yan Su,Stacey Mont,Shilin Yang,Mahesha Gangadhariah,Shouzuo Wei,John R. Falck,Jawahar Lal Jat,Roy Zent,Jorge H. Capdevila,Ambra Pozzi
Cancer Research. 2014; 74(2): 621
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302 Mindin/Spondin 2 inhibits hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and obesity via interaction with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a in mice
Li-Hua Zhu,Aibing Wang,Pengcheng Luo,Xinan Wang,Ding-Sheng Jiang,Wei Deng,Xiaofei Zhang,Tao Wang,Yi Liu,Lu Gao,Shumin Zhang,Xiaodong Zhang,Jie Zhang,Hongliang Li
Journal of Hepatology. 2014;
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303 PPARa ligand clofibrate ameliorates blood pressure and vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Zivar Yousefipour,Mohammad Newaz
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2014;
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
304 Polymorphism of FABP2 and PPARG2 genes in risk prediction of cataract among North Indian population
Shania Abbas,Syed Tasleem Raza,Anu Chandra,Luxmi Singh,Saliha Rizvi,Ale eba,Faisal Ahmed,Farzana Mahdi
Meta Gene. 2014; 2: 307
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305 PPAR^|^gamma;
Keiji Yoshikawa
The Japanese Journal of SURGICAL METABOLISM and NUTRITION. 2014; 48(2): 81
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
306 Role of adipokines and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Vettickattuparambil George Giby,Thekkuttuparambil Ananthanarayanan Ajith
World Journal of Hepatology. 2014; 6(8): 570
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
307 Deficiency of the Transcriptional Repressor B Cell Lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) Is Accompanied by Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism
Christopher R. LaPensee,Grace Lin,Alexander L. Dent,Jessica Schwartz,Xiaoli Chen
PLoS ONE. 2014; 9(6): e97090
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
308 A new dawn for the use of thiazolidinediones in cancer therapy
Hardik Joshi,Tanushree Pal,CS Ramaa
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 2014; 23(4): 501
[Pubmed] | [DOI]
309 Energy and metabolic sensing G protein-coupled receptors during lactation-induced changes in energy balance
P. Friedrichs,B. Saremi,S. Winand,J. Rehage,S. Dänicke,H. Sauerwein,M. Mielenz
Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2014;
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310 Two butenolides with PPARa agonistic activity from a marine-derived Streptomyces
Yasuhiro Igarashi,Marumi Ikeda,Satoshi Miyanaga,Hiroaki Kasai,Yoshikazu Shizuri,Nobuyasu Matsuura
The Journal of Antibiotics. 2014;
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311 Anti-obesity Effects of African Mango (Irvingia gabonesis, IGOB 131TM) Extract in Leptin-deficient Obese Mice
Minhee Lee,Da-Eun Nam,Ok Kyung Kim,Tae Jin Shim,Ji Hoon Kim,Jeongmin Lee
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. 2014; 43(10): 1477
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312 PPAR-? inhibits IL-13-induced collagen production in mouse airway fibroblasts
Jiamei Lu,Lu Liu,Yanting Zhu,Yonghong Zhang,Yuanyuan Wu,Guizuo Wang,Dexin Zhang,Jing Xu,Xinming Xie,Rui Ke,Dong Han,Shaojun Li,Wei Feng,Mei Xie,Yun Liu,Ping Fang,Hongyang Shi,Ping He,Yuan Liu,Xiuzhen Sun,Manxiang Li
European Journal of Pharmacology. 2014; 737: 133
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313 AMPK-dependent signaling modulates the suppression of invasion and migration by fenofibrate in CAL 27 oral cancer cells through NF-?B pathway
Shih-Chang Tsai,Ming-Hsui Tsai,Chang-Fang Chiu,Chi-Cheng Lu,Sheng-Chu Kuo,Nai-Wen Chang,Jai-Sing Yang
Environmental Toxicology. 2014; : n/a
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314 Therapeutic implications of targeting energy metabolism in breast cancer
Sakharkar MK, Shashni B, Sharma K, Dhillon SK, Ranjekar PR, Sakharkar KR.
PPAR Research. 2013; (Art )
[Pubmed]
315 The G32E Functional Variant Reduces Activity of PPARD by Nuclear Export and Post-Translational Modification in Pigs
Yanyu Duan,Bertram Brenig,Xiaohui Wu,Jun Ren,Lusheng Huang,Marinus FW. te. Pas
PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(9): e75925
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316 SERPINA3K induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via activating the Fas/FasL/caspase-8 signaling pathway
Yao, Y. and Li, L. and Huang, X. and Gu, X. and Xu, Z. and Zhang, Y. and Huang, L. and Li, S. and Dai, Z. and Li, C. and Zhou, T. and Cai, W. and Yang, Z. and Gao, G. and Yang, X.
FEBS Journal. 2013; 280(14): 3244-3255
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317 Molecular evidence for the involvement of PPAR-δ and PPAR-γ in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities of palmitoylethanolamide after spinal cord trauma
Paterniti, I. and Impellizzeri, D. and Crupi, R. and Morabito, R. and Campolo, M. and Esposito, E. and Cuzzocrea, S.
Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2013; 10(20)
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318 Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A favors upregulation of gluconeogenic and lipogenic gene expression leading towards insulin resistance: a metabolic syndrome
Fahed Parvaiz,Sobia Manzoor,Jawed Iqbal,Steven McRae,Farrakh Javed,Qazi Laeeque Ahmed,Gulam Waris
Archives of Virology. 2013;
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319 Liver damage is not reversed during the lean period in diet-induced weight cycling in mice
Sandra Barbosa-da-Silva,Natalia C. da Silva,Marcia B. Aguila,Carlos A. Mandarim-de-Lacerda
Hepatology Research. 2013; : n/a
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320 SERPINA3K induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells via activating the Fas/FasL/caspase-8 signaling pathway
Yachao Yao,Lei Li,Xuan Huang,Xiaoqiong Gu,Zumin Xu,Yang Zhang,Lijun Huang,Shuai Li,Zhiyu Dai,Cen Li,Ti Zhou,Weibin Cai,Zhonghan Yang,Guoquan Gao,Xia Yang
FEBS Journal. 2013; 280(14): 3244
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321 Molecular evidence for the involvement of PPAR-d and PPAR-? in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities of palmitoylethanolamide after spinal cord trauma
Irene Paterniti,Daniela Impellizzeri,Rosalia Crupi,Rossana Morabito,Michela Campolo,Emanuela Esposito,Salvatore Cuzzocrea
Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2013; 10(1): 20
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322 L-165,041, troglitazone and their combination treatment to attenuate high glucose-induced receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression
Yao-Jen Liang,Jhin-Hao Jian,Chao-Yi Chen,Chia-Yu Hsu,Chin-Yu Shih,Jyh-Gang Leu
European Journal of Pharmacology. 2013; 715(1-3): 33
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323 Interferon regulatory factor 9 protects against hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis in male mice
Xin-An Wang,Ran Zhang,Dingsheng Jiang,Wei Deng,Shumin Zhang,Shan Deng,Jinfeng Zhong,Tao Wang,Li-Hua Zhu,Li Yang,Shufen Hong,Sen Guo,Ke Chen,Xiao-Fei Zhang,Zhigang She,Yingjie Chen,Qinglin Yang,Xiao-Dong Zhang,Hongliang Li
Hepatology. 2013; 58(2): 603
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324 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Targets for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases
Francisco A. Monsalve,Radha D. Pyarasani,Fernando Delgado-Lopez,Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
Mediators of Inflammation. 2013; 2013: 1
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325 Therapeutic Implications of Targeting Energy Metabolism in Breast Cancer
Meena K. Sakharkar,Babita Shashni,Karun Sharma,Sarinder K. Dhillon,Prabhakar R. Ranjekar,Kishore R. Sakharkar
PPAR Research. 2013; 2013: 1
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326 Fatty acids regulation of inflammatory and metabolic genes
Laureane N. Masi,Alice C. Rodrigues,Rui Curi
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2013; : 1
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327 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases
Monsalve, F.A. and Pyarasani, R.D. and Delgado-Lopez, F. and Moore-Carrasco, R.
Mediators of Inflammation. 2013; 2013(549627)
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328 Induction of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Production by Nonanoic Acid and Exacerbation of Allergic Inflammation in Mice
Saori Yamashita,Ryosuke Segawa,Nozomi Satou,Masahiro Hiratsuka,Warren J Leonard,Noriyasu Hirasawa
Allergology International. 2013; 62(4): 463
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329 Anti-angiogenic treatment strategies for the therapy of endometriosis
M. W. Laschke,M. D. Menger
Human Reproduction Update. 2012; 18(6): 682
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330 PPARG Epigenetic Deregulation and Its Role in Colorectal Tumorigenesis
Lina Sabatino, Alessandra Fucci, Massimo Pancione, and Vittorio Colantuoni
PPAR Research. 2012; : Art-687492
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331 Anti-angiogenic treatment strategies for the therapy of endometriosis
Laschke MW, Menger MD
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. 2012; 18(6): 682-702
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332 Identification of a Molecular Signature Underlying Inhibition of Mammary Carcinoma Growth by Dietary N-3 Fatty Acids
Weiqin Jiang, Zongjian Zhu, John N. McGinley, Karam El Bayoumy, Andrea Manni, Henry J. Thompson
Cancer Research. 2012; 72(15): 3795-3806
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333 “PPARs: Interference with Warburg’ Effect and Clinical Anticancer Trials,”
Joseph Vamecq, Jean-Marie Colet, Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde, Gilbert Briand, Nicole Porchet, Stéphane Rocchi,
PPAR Research. 2012; : Art-304760
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334 PPARG Epigenetic Deregulation and Its Role in Colorectal Tumorigenesis
Lina Sabatino,Alessandra Fucci,Massimo Pancione,Vittorio Colantuoni
PPAR Research. 2012; 2012: 1
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335 PPARs: Interference with Warburg’ Effect and Clinical Anticancer Trials
Joseph Vamecq,Jean-Marie Colet,Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde,Gilbert Briand,Nicole Porchet,Stéphane Rocchi
PPAR Research. 2012; 2012: 1
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336 Identification of a Molecular Signature Underlying Inhibition of Mammary Carcinoma Growth by Dietary N-3 Fatty Acids
Weiqin Jiang,Zongjian Zhu,John N. McGinley,Karam El Bayoumy,Andrea Manni,Henry J. Thompson
Cancer Research. 2012; 72(15): 3795
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